THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE AND SPEECH IN UZBEK LINGUISTICS

Аннотация

This article provides considerations on the differences and similarities between language and speech, thedirect and indirect relationship between speech and language units. Keywords:Language, speech, expressive, cognitive, indifactional task. Language is a signified, systematic, social phenomenon that is a means of communication between people in society. It is a product of human thought and has developed along with the development of humanity. Language exists in oral and written form. Language and speech are themain concepts inlinguistics, they are interconnected, but different phenomena. Language obeys grammatical laws and is passed down from generation to generation. Language has itsown signs and characteristics.They are: 1)asignified system (phoneme, morpheme, word, sentence); 2)asocial phenomenon (used byall members ofsociety); 3)Stableand universal. At thesametime, there are also themain functions of language: 1.Communicativefunction - establishing communication between people. 2.Expressivefunction - expressing emotionsand mood. 3.Cognitivefunction - expressing and preserving knowledge. 4.Aestheticfunction -expressingbeauty through literature andart. 5.Identification function - expressingnational identity. Componentsoflanguage: •Phoneticsystem - asystem ofsounds, •Lexicalsystem - vocabulary, •Grammatical system - word formation and sentence structure, •Semanticsystem - asystem ofmeaning. Speech is the process of expressing thought through language, that is, the practical use of language. Speech can be oral and written. That is, it is an activity of expressing one's thoughts in oral andwritten form. Speech is based onlanguage, but always occurs in concrete reality. Speech, inturn, has itsown characteristics. They are: 1)individual(each person speaks in his own way); 2)practical (used in real life); 3)variable andsituational. The importance of individual speech is that if the same speech process is observed, not every person uses exactly thesame attitudeand speech unitto a given reality. There may besimilarities, but there is no exactness. For example, when observing the speech of people who are happy about something, some express their emotions through their speech, some people express their emotions in the form of vo-o-o-oy or a-a-a-a-a-a, or naho-o-o-o-tki, which can be expressed in the form of rostden, which is considered an individual form. If we turn to the practical phenomenon, it is known that speech is used to express a goal and speech is used realistically, thatis, it isexpressed through pronunciation, sound, tone. This expresses its reality. 14 Volume 4, issue 6, 2025 The variable and situational nature of speech indicates that the process of transition from one topic or situation to another is inherent in speech. For example, if two people are medical professionals and are having a conversation related to this field, the topic can change even if someone intervenes in the conversation or directly sees something. There are several types of speech: 1.By form -oral speech and written speech, 2.By direction -monologue anddialogue, 3.By level ofreadiness -prepared, unprepared, 4.By function - informative, descriptive and influential speech. The relationship between language and speech is one of the important theoretical issues of linguistics. They are inextricably linked, and onecannot existwithout theother. Language is a tool, speech is an action, language is a national treasure, speech is a personal activity, language is a system based on laws, and speech is a process that arises on the basis of thissystem. The variable and situational nature of speech indicates that the process of transition from one topic or situation to another is inherent in speech. For example, if two people are medical professionals and are having a conversation related to this field, the topic can change even if someone intervenes in the conversation or directly sees something. There are several types of speech: 1.By form -oral speech and written speech, 2.By direction -monologue anddialogue, 3.By level ofreadiness -prepared, unprepared, 4.By function - informative, descriptive and influential speech. The relationship between language and speech is one of the important theoretical issues of linguistics. They are inextricably linked, and onecannot existwithout theother. Language is a tool, speech is an action, language is a national treasure, speech is a personal activity, language is a system based on laws, and speech is a process that arises on the basis of thissystem. To summarize, language and speech are closely related. Language is a tool, and speech is the activity of using this tool. Speech sets language in motion, and language is the basis for creating speech. Therefore, itis necessary tostudy them not separately, but as complementary phenomena. Listof usedliterature: 1.Karimov A. “General Linguistics”–Tashkent, 2009 2.NogaybaevaS. “Theory oftheModern Uzbek Language” –Tashkent, 2021 3.SaussureF. “Coursein General L