THE METHODOLOGY OF ONLINE TEACHING IN PRIMARY EDUCATION

Аннотация

This scientific work studies thetheoretical and practical aspects ofthemethodology of online teaching in primary education. The research analyzes the suitability of online education for the age characteristics of primary school students, the advantages in the educational process, and the existing problems. Empirical analyses conducted based on surveys, observations, and experiments revealed that onlinelessons designed using interactive, multimedia, and game-based elements are highly effective. The work provides methodological recommendations for teachers, effective cooperation methods with parents, and ways of organizing lessons with the help of digital tools. Also, normative documents on the development of digital pedagogy in the education system ofUzbekistan were analyzed, and practical proposals were presented. Keywords: primary education, online teaching, methodology, digital education, distance learning, interactive lessons, game-based methods, parent collaboration, platform, visual materials. I. INTRODUCTION In the 21st century, the deep reforms occurring in the field of education, the rapid development of information and communication technologies, and the penetration of digital transformation into every sphere of our lives require modern approaches in the school education system as well. Especially after the pandemic of 2020, online education developed rapidly and is now becoming a hybrid model alongside traditional teaching methods. This situation especially demands the development and implementation of new methodological approaches for the primary education system. The primary education stage is a crucial period for forming basic knowledge, skills, and competencies in students. Therefore, the methodology of online teaching applied at this stage must be organized based on pedagogical psychology, age characteristics, technological capabilities, and national educational traditions. Special attention has also been given to this issue in the decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on "Measures for the development ofdigital education." (Source: [Decree No. PQ–4851 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 6, 2020]). Online education is not only a system introduced out of necessity but also an alternative form that allows improving the quality of teaching, expanding the use of educational resources, and strengthening individualized approaches. However, organizing this method effectively for primary school students requires specific methodological strategies. In this regard, Uzbek scholars — K.T. To‘xtasinova, M.N. Jo‘rayev, R.A. Rasulov, and others — have expressed views on the advantages of digital educational tools and their appropriateness for children's age intheir studies. In this scientific work, the theoretical foundations, practical aspects, effectiveness criteria of the methodology of online teaching in primary education, and new forms of interactive communication between teacher and student are analyzed. In addition, existing problems and their solutions are studied, and methodological recommendations are developed for teaching in primary grades through digital platforms (Zoom, GoogleClassroom, Kundalik, EduPage, etc.). https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 1244 II. LITERATURE REVIEW ANDMETHODOLOGY In recent years, a number of legal and regulatory documents have been adopted in the Republic of Uzbekistan aimed at digitalizing the education system and organizing the pedagogical process based on innovative technologies. In particular, the Presidential Decree No. PQ–4851 dated October 6, 2020, on “Measures for the Development of Digital Education” emphasized the need for a gradual implementation of digital platforms, online lessons, and distance learning mechanisms [¹]. Based on this decree, the Ministry of Public Education introduced several online platforms (for example, EduMarket, Kundalik, EduPage). The theoretical foundations of online teaching methodology are significantly enriched by the works of Uzbek pedagogical scholars. In particular, the methodological manuals prepared by K.T. To‘xtasinova and M.N. Jo‘rayev regarding the use of ICT tools in education thoroughly describe the advantages, approaches, and age-specific aspects of distance learning [²]. According to them, in order to increase the effectiveness of online education for primary school students, playful, visual, and engaging tasks play an important role. Also, works by R. Rasulov, G. Abdurahmonova, and other authors on teaching methodology contribute to the justification of interactive forms of instruction. In their research, they provide methodological recommendations on the use of multimedia resources in online teaching, psychological aspects of distance interaction, and methods of attracting and retaining children’s attention. The analysis of foreign literature shows that countries such as South Korea, Estonia, and Finland have achieved significant results in the field of digit