The Role of Using Electronic Accounting in Facilitating the Tasks of the Internal Auditor an Applied Study on a Sample of Departments at Al-Nahrain University Presidency

Аннотация

The principal activities of the Turkestan Jadids are most evidently expressed through their publications in the press. In addition to addressing social and economic matters, they also discussed engineering and technological developments in detail. International events consistently captured their attention as well. The Jadids advocated for renewal and modernization across all sectors of society and actively sought to implement these ideas in practice. Keywords: Jadidism, press, Sadoyi Ferghana, Yangi, Yangi usul, engineering and technology, lithographic machine, Matbaai Is’hoqiya, printing press, Tarixi traktur. advancement of science, industry, and technology. As Introduction: Following the Timurid era, scientific and one of the prominent Jadid thinkers, Munavvar Qori cultural development in Central Asia began to decline Abdurashidkhanov, lamented: “While the European significantly. The field of engineering, in particular, nations soar through the skies, we debate about hair lagged far behind global progress. This stagnation and beards; while they explore the depths of the sea, stemmed primarily from the inadequacies of the we argue over the length of garments; while their cities prevailing socio-economic systems in the khanates of are lit and heated with electricity, we continue that time. The autocratic monarchies, entrenched debating whether geography and natural sciences ignorance, denial of secular knowledge, and the self- should be taught in schools.” serving priorities of the ruling elites had effectively blocked the nation’s path to progress. Tragically, these DISCUSSION feudal policies, perpetuated over centuries, left a Jadidism and Engineering Ideals Originating in the profound imprint on public consciousness. People Russian Empire during the second half of the 19th became entangled in trivial domestic issues, losing century, the Jadid movement reached Central Asia by sight of greater aspirations. its end and spread widely in the early 20th century. METHODOLOGY According to Jadid thought, liberating nations from socio-economic backwardness required a radical By the end of the 19 th century, Tsarist Russia had reform of the educational system, incorporating colonized much of Central Asia. The local population modern and innovative teaching methods. The term mounted several national liberation movements in jadid itself derives from Arabic, meaning “new” or “new pursuit of independence. However, the region’s lack of method.” The Jadids believed that the future of the industrial and technological advancement, as well as nation rested on the advancement of secular sciences, the underdevelopment of national engineering and particularly engineering. They argued that the scientific disciplines, resulted in these efforts being country’s technological and industrial backwardness suppressed by the Tsarist regime. At the turn of the was a key obstacle to development. Agriculture, the 20th century, a new socio-political and cultural backbone of the region’s economy, was especially movement — Jadidism —emerged in Turkestan. The underdeveloped and lacked mechanization. Jadids aimed to liberate the region through the American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 33 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141) In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, agriculture philosophical truths, did not neglect the importance of dominated both the economy and the daily lives of the engineering knowledge and technological population, as industrial production remained minimal. development. Among them, Is’hoqxon To‘ra Ibrat was However, technological innovation was absent in this particularly notable for his contributions to technical vital sector. Without modernization, true progress was progress.In 1908, Ibrat undertook a significant initiative impossible. The Jadid intellectual Abdulla Avloniy by purchasing a lithographic printing machine from a expressed this despair in his writing: “You sleep in the printer named Gaufman in Orenburg, with payment arms of ignorance—awake, oh nation, cast off the cloak deferred over ten years. He transported the equipment of darkness. Rise, for the time and the people demand by train to Kokand and by camel to To‘raqo‘rg‘on, it!” enduring great hardship. In April 1908, he established a printing house named Matbaai Is’hoqiya on the site of Similarly, Cho‘lpon wrote in one of his articles: “In my a former bathhouse he had constructed in 1905 . previous article, I noted that none of our farmer brothers use agricultural machines... Yet these This was a remarkable achievement for its time. Before machines are indeed useful.” He added: “Americans then, copying books was a labor-intensive and time- plant one wheat seed and harvest twenty sacks; consuming task performed manually by calligraphers Europeans buy our cotton for five kopecks and sell it over months or even years. The limited number of back to us for t