THE IMPACT OF HEALTHY NUTRITION ON THE HUMAN ORGANISM

Аннотация

Rational nutrition is a scientifically based nutrition system aimed at maintaining human health and efficiency, which ensures a balanced intake of nutrients necessary for thebody. This principle helps to meet the physiological needs of the body, prevent diseases and extend life expectancy. Rational nutrition is based on the consumption of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitaminsand minerals in thecorrect ratio and isan important factor ina healthy lifestyle. Keywords: rational nutrition, healthy nutrition, balanced diet, nutrients, vitamins, minerals, eating habits, healthy lifestyle, metabolism, energy balance. Introduction. Rational nutrition is important for maintaining human health, ensuring normal development of the body and high working capacity. Proper nutrition helps not only to live a long life, but also to prevent various diseases. This article discusses the basic principles of rational nutrition, useful and harmful products, as well as the importance of proper nutrition. The concept of rational nutrition rational nutrition is a diet that fully satisfies the physiological needs ofthebodyandcontains abalanced amount of necessary nutrients. It is known that proper nutrition plays a major role in the overall health of people. Full compliance with the rules of rational nutrition ensures the proper assimilation of nutrients received from the external environment by the body in tissues and cells. Eating and digestion are complex biochemical and physiological processes, in which organic and inorganic substances received by the body undergo various changes with the help of digestive enzymes. The digestion process is mainly carried out in the digestive tract, and in connection with this, the principles of quantity, quality and order of nutrition are formed. Therefore, it is considered one of the systems thatconnect thebodywith theexternal environment since theemergence oflivingbeings. There are specific concepts and principles of rational nutrition, and one of the most important of these is the principles of rational nutrition. These are mainly the principles of quantity, quality andorder. As is known, rational nutrition is understood as satisfying the daily needs of the body for essential or basic nutrients - proteins, fats, carbohydrates and additional nutrients, in accordance with the age, gender, physical and mental activity of a person, weather conditions, living environment, health, etc. These principles of rational nutrition are inextricably linked, and it is useful for each person to pay special attention to them in theirdaily diet. In other words, if any of these principles is not followed sufficiently, for example, if the food eaten is not in the appropriate quantity depending on the person’s age, gender, etc., or if the quality of the food consumed is not sufficient, it cannot but affect the physiological processes takingplace inthe body. At thesametime, ifthese two principles are fully followed and the third is not paid attention to, or if food is eaten haphazardly, at irregular times, the principle of rational nutritionis violated and thecorresponding negative consequences are observed possible[3]. In this regard, it is of particular importance for each person to be aware of these dietary rules and to always follow them in order to maintain their health and protect themselves from various diseases. According to the results of studies on the specific nutrition of students, their nutrition is disturbed by a number of components, namely, the amount of animal proteins, vegetable oils, calcium, ascorbic acid and thiaminein thediet is belowthenorm. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 1004 The following violations of the diet are observed among students: 25-47 percent do not eat breakfast, 17-30 percent eat twice, about 40 percent do not have lunch, 22 percent do not eat dinner. In addition, they rarely eat hot food,and dinner is eaten very late[2,4]. According to physiological recommendations, the daily energy requirement of students is 2585 kcal for boys and 2434.5 kcal for girls. 12% of the energy value of the diet should be proteins, and 60% of the total protein should be animal proteins. Fulfilling this requirement guarantees the full supply of the body with all essential amino acids and their correct ratio in the diet. Fats shouldaccount forapproximately 30% ofthetotal energy valueof thestudent’s diet. At thesame time, 30% of the waxy fats should be from vegetable oils. The daily requirement of students for basic minerals is provided by the intake of 800 mg of calcium, 1600 mg of phosphorus, 500 mg ofmagnesium, 2500-5000 mg ofpotassium, and 10mg ofiron [1]. In order to implement the principle of balanced nutrition in students, it is necessary to strive to fully match the energy and quality composition of diets with their energy and nutrient requirements. Conclusion. Other food components can be spices, insects, microbes and minerals. Usually these are not the main components of