FEATURES OF DEVELOPING ATTENTION IN CHILDREN OF EARLY SCHOOL AGE

Аннотация

Developing the attention of younger school-age students, correctly forming voluntary attention makes the learning process more meaningful. Involuntary attention is more developed in children. The brightness and attractiveness of educational materials evoke involuntary emotionsinstudents and help them master thebasics of science withoutstrong tension. Keywords: attention, voluntary attention, involuntary attention, post-voluntary attention, concentration Аннотация: Развитие внимания младших школьников, правильное формирование произвольного внимания делает процесс обучения более осмысленным. Непроизвольное внимание у детей развито сильнее. Яркость и привлекательность учебных материалов вызывают у учащихся непроизвольные эмоции и помогают им без сильного напряжения усваивать азынауки. Ключевые слова: внимание, произвольное внимание, непроизвольное внимание, постпроизвольноевнимание,концентрация. Annotatsiya: Kichik maktab yoshidagi o`quvchilarning diqqatini rivojlantirish, ixtiyoriy diqqatni to`g`ri shakllantish o`quv jarayonini yanada mazmunli qiladi. Bolalarda ixtiyorsiz diqqat ko`proq rivojlangan bo`ladi. O`quv materiallarini yorqinligi jozibadorligi oquvchilarda beixtiyor his-tuyg`u uyg`tadi vakuchli zo`riqishsiz fan asoslarini egallashga yordam beradi. Kalit so`zlar: diqqat, ixtiyoriy diqqat, ixtiyorsiz diqqat, ixtiyoriydan keyingi diqqat, konsentratsiya Today, the problem of developing attention in younger students in the educational process is becoming more and more relevant. In the modern world, a child can be surrounded by many harmful habits and factors that distract him from the intended goal. What is attention? To answer this question, let's take the example of a schoolboy doing his homework in mathematics. He is completely immersed in solving the problem, focuses his attention on it, thinks about its conditions, switches from one calculation to another. Characterizing each of these episodes, we can say that he is attentive to his work, pays attention to what distinguishes him from others. In all these cases, we can say that his mental activity is either directed or not directed at something. This direction of mental activity and its focus on a specific object is called attention. Attention is amental process that involves concentrating themind and focusing itonsomeobject. In psychology, three types ofattention are usuallydistinguished: voluntary, involuntary andpost- voluntary attention. Involuntary attention is attention directed to an object without any effort on the part of the individual. It occurs under the influence of a stimulus (loud sounds, bright light and colors, strong smells and the most powerful stimulus that constantly attracts a person's attention is his name). The main task of involuntary attention is to quickly and correctly orient in a constantly changing environment, to highlight those objects that can have the greatest vital meaning at the moment. Voluntary attention is a person's attention directed to something by the willpower. It is almost impossible for a person to keep his attention on any one object for a long time. Voluntary https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 1001 attention is very short and prone to passing (dispersion). It is possible to concentrate attention on anyobject for along timeandstrongly, but itis very harmful tothehuman psyche. Post-voluntary attention is characterized by long-term, high concentration and is rationally associated with the most intensive and productive activity, high productivity of all types of work. That is, if in goal-oriented activity the content and process of activity itselfare not only its result, but also interesting and significant for the individual, then there is reason to talk about post- voluntary attention: the activity captivates a person so much that he does not need significant voluntary efforts to maintain attention. At the beginning of primary school students' education, themain type ofattention is voluntary, thephysiological basis ofwhich is theorienting reflex.At this age, there is a strong reaction to everything new, bright, unusual. The child cannot yet control his attention and is often at the mercy of external impressions. Even with concentration, students do not notice the main, important thing. This is explained by the peculiarities of their thinking. The visual-figurative nature of mental activity leads to the fact that students focus all their attention on separate, noticeable objects or their features. The images and ideas that arise in the minds of children cause strong experiences that have a suppressive effect on mental activity. Therefore, if the essence of something is not on the surface, if it is masked, then primary school students do not notice this. With the development and improvement of thinking, primary school studentscan focus theirattention mainlyonimportant things. The development of the simplest forms of involuntary attention, which is associated with the strength and other prop