CONCEPT OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITY

Аннотация

The article examines the methodological significance of the categories of "concept" and "principles" in relation to the organization of the process of investing in the real sector of the economy. The author systematizes the content and evolution of the views of representatives of various economic schools on the process of investing in the real sector of the economy in conceptual and fundamental aspects. Key words : conceptualism, understanding , principle , crisis , decline , structure crisis , modernization,innovation, lending . The definition of conceptual rules characterizing the movement of investments in the real sector ofthe economy requires a preliminary study of the essence of the concept of"concept". The term "concept" comes from the Latin word "conceptio", which means "understanding" and appeared in the framework of the development of the medieval philosophical direction of conceptualism, presented by such famous thinkers as Pierre Abelard, John Duns Scotus and others. Among the philosophers mentioned, Abelard was the first to formulate the main ideas of conceptualism and define its principles as a kind of synthesis of rationalism and empiricism. Pierre. Abelard's views were characteristic of the works of his followers, representatives of different movements and different eras. Thus, some of the rules of medieval conceptualism were characteristic of the philosophical ideas of J. Locke and G. Hegel. Some features of the philosophical movement founded by Pierre Abelard are also common to such famous thinkers as Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, William ofOckham, and others. The essence of Pierre Abelard's conceptualism was that general concepts are neither truths nor definitions ofthe meaning of words; they are inherent in the human mind before the beginning of cognitionand acquire acertain meaning through human experience. The famous Scottish philosopher, author of the work "The Study of the Human Mind on the Principles of Reason and Perception", Hamilton became a follower of the traditions of conceptualism. This philosopher, a representative of the British school of empiricism, did not change the Scottish traditions and therefore managed to transform conceptualism into a qualitatively new form. Thus, using the term "concept", W. Hamilton interpreted the essence of concepts as forms that restore the integrity of the experience of perception, but differ from perceptionbyfocusing attention. In the twentieth century, the main feature of the concept was considered to be the symbolicization of personal perceptual experience through imagination. Such ideas first appeared in the works of the American philosopher S. Langer, who was famous for his work in the field of aesthetics and consciousness and who made a significant contribution to understanding the essence of the "symbol" in science. Other scientists who made a significant https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 955 contribution to the study of these issues in the twentieth century were E. Cassirer and A. Whitehead, and S. Langer was their student. It should also be noted that the role of the concept in science is interpreted by philosophers such as J. Deleuze and F. Guattari, known for their works "What is Philosophy" and "Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia", in which the authors use the concept of concepts, their main feature is that they formed the core of any concept and considered it as something inherent in thought, its possibility, a living category orelement ofTranscendental experience. Since conceptualism attempted to solve the very general and important problem of the hierarchy of the importance of reason and feelings in the knowledge of the world for philosophy, it should be noted that many thinkers contributed to the development of conceptualism. However, the works of D. Serle, J. Habermas, B. Waldenfels, N. M. Bakhtin, K. A. Apel, V. S. Bibler, H. Blumenberg, and the like are especially significant and relevant for the scientific problem under study. Based on the opinions of prominent scientists, it can be said that a concept should be considered a highly generalized view of the essence of a particular phenomenon, on the basis of which it is possibleto create ageneral theoretical basis for interpreting and solvingcertain studied problems. Taking into account the above point of view, it should be noted that principles can be an important component of any concept, since they are built by inductively moving from the specific to the general. The origin of the concept of the term "principle" is associated with the Latin word "principium", which is translated as the beginning, the first principle. Therefore, it can be noted that the presence of principles should be considered one of the main requirements for the formation of any theory, including economic theory. The existence of principles in science the importance of academic A. by I skill with emphasized . This problem as follows commented Berg: " a man without principles is