WORKS ON NICKNAMES OF NARRATORS

Аннотация

This article is devoted tothe study of nicknames, one of the narrator's names, which is an important part of the science of ḥadīth, which is related to the identification and study of the name of the narrators. There is a possibility that several people are named with the same name when identifying the narrators by the muḥaddith. Therefore, nicknames help to identify them. In thisregard, scholars have written special works onnicknames. Key words: nickname, science of ḥadīth, narrator, muḥaddith, mutalif, mukhtalif, wuhdān, muttafik,muftariq. In the field of ḥadīth science, which studies complete information about a narrator, knowing his names is considered important. Because in order to better recognize each narrator, it was required that their names be clear. It was also considered necessary for every scholar to know this science. A narrator can be known first of all by his fullname. But if the name of several narrators and the name of his father are correct, then the name of his grandfather is added next to him. Even then, if they are the same, they are identified by their kunyah, surname, country of birth,profession, nickname and othersuch names that are necessary for recognition. As a result of the research on the identity of the narrators, biographies of the persons mentioned in the isnads have been published. The names of the narrators of the ḥadīth are shown in them. The narrators are distinguished from others by their names. However, due to the fact that there are many names that are similar to each other, the muḥaddiths have developed ways to distinguish them and introduced specific rules, and separate works have been written on this subject. The types of works dedicated to studying the life of narrators and their position in ḥadīth science have increased, and among them, attention has been paid to the nickname, family name, country and city of the narrators, the date of birth and death of scholars, the study of the kunyah of the narrators, and other aspects. Also, the works dedicated to the narrators whose names are uncertain, the class of Muḥaddiths, reliable and weak narrators, jarḥ and taʿdīl, defects in ḥadīth, companions and other narrators were also presented. It ispossibleto determine thenameof thenarrators usingthefollowing: 1. Muttafiq and muftariq, i.e. sameness and diversity in ḥadīth terminology - the narrators have different personalities even though their names, surnames, kunyah, and surnames are the same in words and letters. 2. Mutalif and mukhtalif, that is, in the sense of agreement and disagreement, in the ḥadīth terminology - if the names, nicknames, kunyah and surnames of the narrators are the same in the writing, it is called "mutalif", and if there is a difference in the wording (reading), it is called "mukhtalif". 3. Mutashabih means similar. The names of the narrators are the same in wording and writing, https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 858 and the names of their fathers are the same in writing, but they differ in wording (not in writing) orviceversa. 4. Mubham is an Arabic word that means doubt, uncertainty. In ḥadīth terminology - thename of the person or women in the text or sanad is unclear, that is, it is not stated openly. Mubham is known in two ways: in another narration, the mention of a mysterious person is clearly mentioned, orthescholars ofthescience of syrat say intheirworks. 5. It is said that wuhdān means singular, and only one narrator narrates from one narrator in ḥadīthterminology. 6. Mufradat means solitary. In ḥadīth terminology - the narrator's name, nickname, or nickname should not be the same as other narrators and scholars. It is useful in preventing errors in names andhas thefollowing forms: a) in thenameb) in Kunyah c) nickname. 7. Kunyah is also one of the methods of determining the narrator's name, and it is said that the narrator is known by father or mother, son or daughter, brother or sister, uncle or aunt, uncle or aunt. By knowing the names ofthekunyah owners, onenarrator isnot confused with another. 8. Nickname, additional name, nickname. In the science of ḥadīth, the nickname is used for two different words, positive or negative, and used to refer to a term used to raise or lower a person's status and to praise or condemn him. In the process of studying the history of narrators, since there are many people named ʿUmar ibn alKhaṭṭāb, nicknames were used to distinguish them along withsurnames and surnames. Among these sources, works on the nickname of the narrator are of special importance. Because themuḥaddith used nicknames to distinguish the identity ofthe narrators who narrated theḥadīth. The words "nickname" or its plural form "alqab" are also used in the literature of ḥadīth. A nickname is a second name or a nickname given to a person. In other words, an additional name given to praise or put down (mockery) a person according to some characteristic. It is also said that a person will be known by this second name. Fo