METHODS USED IN DEVELOPING THE COGNITIVE ACTIVITY OF PRIMARY STUDENTS

Аннотация

In this article pedagogical and didactic conditions necessary for the development of cognitive activity of primary school students, classification of stages and levels of development of cognitive activity, and It discusses methods used to develop the cognitive activity of primary school students. Keywords: cognitive activity, free thinking, creative tasks, didactic games, Project method, problem situations Annotation: V dannoy state rassmatrivayutsya pedagogic and didactic conditions, neobhodimye dlya razvitiya poznavatelnoy activity of young schoolchildren, classification stage and level development of poznavatelnoy activity, a takje metody, primenyaemye dlya razvitiya poznavatelnoy activity of young schoolchildren. Key words: cognitive activity, freedom of thought, creative work, didactic games, method project, problem situation Annotation: This article will talk about the pedagogical and didactic conditions necessary for the development of cognitive activity of primary students, the classification of stages and levels of development of cognitive activity, and the methods used in the development of cognitive activity of primary students. Keywords: cognitive activity, free thinking, creative tasks, didactic games, Project method, problem situations One of the most commonly used methods for developing students' cognitive activity in pedagogical activities is described as follows: 1. It is necessary to create a psychological environment in the lessons in which students feel the necessity of the learning process, accept new knowledge with interest, and eliminate situations of "boredom" at school. The main goal of this pedagogical method is to create a psychologically comfortable and motivating environment for students in the lessons. This, in turn, increases the effectiveness of the lesson, helps students understand the content of the educational material, and prevents them from feeling overwhelmed even in the process of mastering complex academic subjects. The following methodological recommendations are given by primary school teachers, psychologists, and methodologists for implementing the above method in school practice: 36 DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference 1) The following step-by-step approach is recommended when teaching students to solve problems. First, using the example of a simple problem, its solution is explained in detail step by step. Each action is divided into operations that are performed sequentially. Examples of actions and operations are given, and possible options for their implementation are shown. As a result, a generalized scheme of methods for solving certain types of problems is formed. After that, students are presented with a similar problem and are offered to solve it independently. Using the questions presented in the text, students act in accordance with this scheme. These questions require not only the performance of operations, but also the justification of their necessity. The next set of practice questions teaches you to perform actions in increasingly complex situations. Here, students continue to work on answering questions that are structured in a sequential manner. The initial practice questions are appropriate for the level of compulsory education, while higher-level questions are presented in later stages. The level of complexity of these questions can be chosen independently by the student, which serves to develop in accordance with his interests and intellectual capabilities. 2) The use of video materials is one of the most effective tools in the educational process. Small videos can be used as an epigraph to the lesson, which helps to form positive emotional motivation in students towards learning a new topic. The use of video resources in the process of explaining or reinforcing new knowledge will have a real impact only if students actively and consciously accept it. To this end, it is recommended that during the video presentation, the teacher provide comments and explanations when necessary, repeatedly show the necessary fragments, and also ask clarifying questions. This approach ensures that students are not only visually engaged, but also cognitively engaged, encouraging them to analyze, evaluate, and connect what they see with knowledge. As a result, students are involved in the learning process not only as passive spectators, but also as active participants. 3) One of the effective methods for developing cognitive activity in students is the use of texts that are specially organized in terms of content. Such texts develop an active and reflective attitude towards knowledge in students. In particular, texts with the following characteristics are useful: 37 DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference  Texts that allow students to understand that there are multiple approaches to the same situation. They teach students to look at a problem from different perspectives and enco