The influence of sowing dates on productivity and technological quality indicators of soft spring wheat varieties

Аннотация

Maqolada bahorgi bugdoy navlarini yaratishning seleksion ilmiy asoslari shimoliy mintaqa Qoraqalpog`iston viloyati sharoitida kechadigan jarayonlarni o'rganish asosida yoritilgan. Annotatsiya: В статье описаны научные основы выбора весенных сортов пшеницы на основеизучения процессов,происходящих врегионе Каракальпакскойобласти. Ключевые слова: продуктивные гены, географические, гибридный организм, засуха, территория, устойчивые сорта, биотические, абиотические стрессы, селекционный процесс,иммунитет. Keywords:productive genes,geographical,hybrid organism, drought, territory, resistant varieties, biotic,abioticstresses, selection process, immunity. Under the conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, experiments were conducted to study the valuable agronomic traits of spring soft wheat. The research was carried out in the competitive variety testing nursery by sowing spring soft wheat varieties at early spring dates. According to the results, the shortest pre-heading period was observed in the varieties Kr- SpR2014-6, Kr-Sp/2010/59, and Kr-SpR2014-9, which were found to be 2–4 days shorter than thestandard variety Sanzar-4. The "heading-to-maturity" period for spring soft wheat ranged from 31 to 39 days. In our study, the varieties Kr-SpR2014-6, KrT-SpR2014, Kr-SpR2014-22, and Kr-SpR2014-4 had the shortest grain-filling periods, lasting 31–32 days, which was shorter compared to the standard Sanzar-4 variety. The total vegetation period for the spring wheat varieties ranged from 103 to 110 days. The earliest-maturing varieties — Kr-Sp/2010/59, Janub Gavhari, and Kr-SpR2014-10 — were identified as early-maturing and selected forfurther consideration. Growingseason ofvarieties in thecompetitivespring wheatvariety testing nursery Heading- Vegetation № Variety name Pre-heading ripening period, days 1 SANZAR-4 77,0 33,0 110,0 2 HAZRATI BESHIR 75,0 34,0 109,0 3 JANUB GAVHARI 70,7 34,0 104,7 https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 729 4 Kr-Sp/2010/59 69,3 33,7 103,0 5 ATTILLA-7 76,0 34,0 110,0 6 Kr-SpR2014-2 72,0 38,0 110,0 7 Kr-SpR2014-3 74,0 33,0 107,0 8 Kr-SpR2014-4 76,0 32,0 108,0 9 Kr-SpR2014-6 76,0 31,0 107,0 10 KrT-SpR2014 74,7 31,3 106,0 11 Kr-SpR2014-8 72,0 33,3 105,3 12 Kr-SpR2014-9 75,0 33,3 108,3 13 Kr-SpR2014-10 70,3 33,3 103,7 14 Kr-SpR2014-13 68,0 37,0 105,0 15 KrJ-SpR2014 77,0 33,0 110,0 16 Kr-SpR2014-15 70,0 35,0 105,0 17 Kr-SpR2014-19 72,0 37,0 109,0 18 Kr-SpR2014-20 68,0 39,0 107,0 19 Kr-SpR2014-21 76,0 33,3 109,3 20 Kr-SpR2014-22 74,3 32,0 106,3 https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 730 7102 Min 68,0 31,0 103,0 Mak 77,0 39,0 110,0 Sred 73,2 34,0 107,2 When analyzing the grain quality indicators from the competitive variety testing nursery, the standard variety Sanzar-4 showed the following average results: protein content in the grain was 14.5%, gluten content was 29.2%, the weight of 1000 grains was 36.6 grams, and the grain test weight was 791.5grams per liter. Technologicalquality indicators ofgrain 1000 Grain protei moistur grain № Variety name gluten glassiness IDK nature, n e weigh gr/l t 1 SANZAR-4 14,5 29,2 62,5 94,3 7,7 36,3 791,5 HAZRATI 2 14,4 28,8 64,3 84,5 9,4 33,8 813,7 BESHIR JANUB 3 14,6 29,2 61,0 94,2 9,7 36,2 751,0 GAVHARI 4 Kr-Sp/2010/59 14,6 28,7 58,8 90,9 9,4 40,7 796,3 5 ATTILLA-7 14,2 29,1 60,3 86,0 8,0 34,7 787,4 6 Kr-SpR2014-2 14,4 28,2 61,7 95,1 8,0 38,4 792,8 7 Kr-SpR2014-3 14,3 28,1 55,3 97,7 8,3 37,5 794,4 102, 8 Kr-SpR2014-4 14,7 27,9 71,6 8,7 35,0 798,8 8 9 Kr-SpR2014-6 14,6 28,0 52,3 96,0 8,5 38,0 769,0 10 KrT-SpR2014 14,5 27,5 66,7 95,2 9,7 33,5 751,0 11 Kr-SpR2014-8 14,6 28,6 46,7 91,6 9,7 34,4 783,7 12 Kr-SpR2014-9 14,3 28,7 53,5 93,1 9,3 35,1 727,7 13 Kr-SpR2014-10 14,5 27,7 63,5 86,0 9,3 35,4 783,7 14 Kr-SpR2014-13 14,2 27,8 48,7 99,5 8,5 36,9 776,2 15 KrJ-SpR2014 14,5 27,7 62,5 89,2 9,6 33,7 802,3 105, 16 Kr-SpR2014-15 14,4 27,8 56,6 7,9 35,6 774,9 0 17 Kr-SpR2014-19 13,8 28,2 55,4 95,7 8,4 38,8 776,6 108, 18 Kr-SpR2014-20 14,1 28,7 46,7 8,3 35,5 777,5 3 19 Kr-SpR2014-21 14,5 28,8 56,3 91,9 9,5 30,5 741,0 20 Kr-SpR2014-22 14,5 28,6 60,5 91,7 8,8 38,7 735,0 https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 731 7102 min 13,8 27,5 46,7 84,5 7,7 30,5 727,7 108, mak 14,7 29,2 71,6 9,7 40,7 813,7 3 sred 14,4 28,4 58,2 94,4 8,8 35,9 776,2 Based on the grain test weight data from the experimental plots, the following values were recorded for the highest-yielding spring soft wheat varieties: 741.0 g/l for Kr-SpR2014-21, 751.0 g/l for Janub Gavhari, 776.2 g/l for Kr-SpR2014-13, 802.3 g/l for KrJ-SpR2014, 794.4 g/l for Kr-SpR2014-3, and 798.8g/l for Kr-SpR2014-4. The above-mentioned varieties are recommended for use in future breeding programs aimed at developing high-quality spring soft wheat varieties. In addition, under the conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the variety KIA-3816 (selection line Kr-SpR2014-19), which possesses highly valuable agronomic traits, was selected and submitted to the State Variety TestingCommissio