Idiomatic Word Formation Based on Dictionary Examples

Аннотация

The article examines the phenomenon of idiomatic word formation in the Russian language, its theoretical aspects, examples from explanatory and COPYRIGHT phraseological dictionaries, and studies by Russian © 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms linguists. It analyzes the processes of semantic of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License. transformation of words, their consolidation in the language, and the influence of context on the perception of idiomaticity. Modern trends in the development of idiomatic formations, their lexicographic fixation, and the role of metaphorization are considered. Keywords: Idiomaticity, word formation, phraseology, semantics, metaphor. Introduction: Modern Russian studies pay considerable attention to the study of idiomatic processes in language, as well as the ways of reflecting such phenomena in lexicographic sources. The term "idiomatic word formation" implies such linguistic formations that go beyond the usual transparent morphological structure and acquire a special phraseological or semi-phraseological meaning. At the same time, in the language they function as units close in status to phraseological units or stable word combinations [5, p. 675]. In this paper, we will consider how Russian linguists interpret the concept of idiomatic word formation, what examples are given in the largest dictionaries of the Russian language (for example, in the explanatory dictionaries of D. Ushakov, S. Ozhegov and modern phraseological dictionaries), and also analyze the results of studies devoted to this issue. Idiomatic word formation in Russian is considered as a set of ways of forming words, in which a familiar morphological structure is formally observed, but the semantics of the European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 22 https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijmrms and Management Studies European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies resulting word is fully or partially fixed by the tradition “svyatki,” “maslenitsa,” and “govenie,” he pointed out of use and is not reduced to a simple sum of the that these were not just a combination of morphemes, meanings of its components. Simply put, with this but entire complexes of cultural and linguistic tradition, mechanism, a word arising from suffixes, prefixes or which essentially gave them partial phraseological combined roots acquires a stable meaning, which does fixation. not follow directly from the addition of the meanings In the Soviet period, especially in the 1930s–1950s, of morphemes. In Russian linguistics, the term when the Soviet school of lexicography was actively "idiomatic" has long been discussed in connection with forming (primarily at Moscow and Leningrad phraseological units. Classical definitions, given back in Universities), more and more attention was paid to the middle of the 20th century, associate "idiomatic" questions of phraseology. Following this, interest in with the fact that individual components of a linguistic borderline cases also grew: stable combinations within unit lose their original semantic independence. one word, phraseologically reworked affixes, changed However, in phraseological units this usually concerns roots, etc. It was already noted then that some prefixes combinations of words, while in idiomatic word (for example, "iz-", "pre-", "s-", "za-") can acquire a non- formation a similar process occurs within a single standard, purely idiomatic meaning. For example, in lexeme. For example, in the word “crazy” we see a such verbs as "izvesti" (meaning "to destroy"), "prebyt" suffix-prefix structure (the prefix “su-”; the root “-ma- (meaning "to be"), "sbudit's'" (about dreams or ” from “um”, a change within the root), but the forecasts), etc., one can observe what, by modern meaning “crazy” (moreover, phraseologically colored) standards, can be called partial or complete is not directly derived from the simple combination idiomatization. Subsequent studies in the second half of “um + a + shed”. Among the Russian scientists who the 20th century continued to refine the criteria that paid special attention to this area, we can name V.V. make it possible to distinguish transparently motivated Vinogradov, who emphasized the importance of the word formation from idiomatic. In particular, the theory “semantic alloy” in derivative words [4], as well as N.N. of "semantic transformations" within a word was Amosova, who studied phraseological units proper, actively developed. Thus, G. A. Zolotova, N. A. but periodically touched on idiomatic formations Lukyanova, V. N. Telia and other scientists contributed within a word [1]. S.I. Ozhegov played a significant role to the understanding of how figurative meaning is in formulating the principles of distinguishing between formed at the morpheme level, and how this is reflected idiomatic and motivated (transparent) words, since in or not reflected in dictionary entries [7; 9;