PECULIARITIES OF THE INTENSITY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPIRATION OF SOY LEAVES

Аннотация

The paper presents the results of field and vegetation experiments on the study of the relationship of photosynthetic and transpiration activity of soybean leaves in Surkhandarya region. Key words:soybean varieties, photosynthesis, leaves, transpiration, tiered variability Introduction: Adaptation plays a huge role in plant resistance to various climatic factors. To study the mechanisms of plant adaptation, it is necessary to take into account not only morphological, but also physiological properties. The intensity of transpiration and photosynthesis, the work of the stomatal apparatus are the most important physiological processes that contribute to the adaptation and protection of the plant organism from adverse environmental conditions. It is known that transpiration provides cells with water and facilitates themovement ofminerals absorbed from thesoil bytheroots. In addition, transpiration protects plantsfrom overheating. [1]. Photosynthesis and transpiration of leaves are two of the most important physiological processes that are closely related to each other, and they ensure the ability of plants not only to survive in difficult conditions, but also to develop fully. It is known that transpiration is one of the important and necessary physiological processes in plants, which protects plants from overheating and dehydration in dry and hot weather conditions, as well as the movement of water and substances dissolved in water throughout the plant body, it is important in gas exchange [2]. A highly transpiring leaf has a temperature about 7 °C lower than a non- transpiring wiltingleaf[3]. It has been found that the total water content in plants with modeintensity humidity varies throughout theday. It is closely related to theintensity of transpiration. Depending onthe amount of water spent in the process of transpiration, it is possible to determine the water demand and need of one or another plant. When determining the amount of water used for transpiration, it is necessary to take into account several factors. Including the mass and volume of the root system, the mass of the above-ground organs of the plant, the osmotic pressure of the root cell juice, the depth of underground seepage, the amount of precipitation, the temperature and relative humidity of the air, the moisture reserve in the soil, the value of the water potential of plants, etc. The intensity of transpiration determines the position of the stomata and the amount of water in the leaves, as well as the degree of water supply of plants. In some cases, as a result of rapid dehydration of the leaves, the stomata are unable to control waterconsumption. As a result, thephotosynthetic activity ofleaves decreases [4]. page2064 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai The role of photosynthesis is that it is the main natural source of renewable energy, as a result of which up to 95% of organic matter is formed in crops [5]. This process is associated with the entry of carbon dioxide and water molecules through the stomata of plant leaves and transpiration [6]. The intensity of photosynthesis in the leaves of the studied soybean varieties was determined three times during the day, that is, at 900 in the morning, at 1300 in the afternoon, and at 1700 in the evening. The results of the experiments revealed that the speed of photosynthesis in the leaves of soybean plants grown in vegetative containers changes depending on the new characteristics of the plant, development periods and changes during the day. Also, it was observed that there is a difference in different levels during the flowering period (in the leaves of the upper level compared to the lower level, the intensity of photosynthesis is higher). Taking into account the above, we conducted studies aimed at determining the specific characteristics and interrelationships of the appearance of photosynthesis and transpiration intensitys in soybean plants. Research object and methods. Research work was carried out in the conditions of field and vegetation experiments. Researches were carried out in the fields of Surkhondarya Scientific Experimental Station of the Scientific Research Institute of Cotton Selection, Seeding and Cultivation. 4 promising (domestic Baraka, To'maris Man-60, Ustoz MM-60 and foreign Vilana) soybean varieties were used as objects of research. Experimental experiments were carried out in field conditions in24m2 plotswith fourreturns. Determining the speed of photosynthesis was determined by the half-leaf method of determining the dry matter formed in the process of photosynthesis recommended by Yu.Saks [7]. The transpiration intensity of soybean plant leaves was determined by the method of rapid withdrawal on a torsion balance (L.A. Ivanov's method) [8]. Determination of the intensity of transpiration was carried out