Stuttering As A Socio-Psychological Problem

Аннотация

Article is dedicated to the examination of stuttering as the psychological problem: source, phenomenology, strategy of vocal behavior, the types of rendering to psychological aid. Is represented the effective method of overcoming the stuttering – family group of logopsychoterapiya. Keywords: Stuttering, psychological problem, psychological aid, the family group of logopsychoterapiya. Introduction: Nowadays, the importance of developing Since stuttering affects not just the ability to generate systems and comprehensive programs aimed at and articulate speech, but also the capacity for full- improving the socio-psychological adaptation of both fledged communication, people who stutter require individuals and entire social groups is determined by not only (and sometimes not primarily) correction of the fact that the presence of any physical, speech as such, but also psychological support aimed at psychological, or psychosomatic pathology inevitably restoring impaired speech communication at all levels: creates a heavy “psychological background” and communicative, perceptive, and interactive. This becomes a favorable ground for the disruption of makes it possible to consider stuttering a psychological various connections with the world. problem. A psychological problem (from the Greek problema – task, challenge) is always associated with A pronounced degree of neurotic manifestations in the impossibility of satisfying a strong desire (urge, adolescents and adults, particularly in cases of need, or motive) of the person. The reason for the stuttering, has a deforming effect on their unattainability of the desired outcome, as well as the communication and personal development. Stuttering desire itself, lies within the person’s psyche, their inner is defined as a complex psychophysiological condition world, and their attitude toward themselves and the that manifests in a disturbance of speech rhythm and world. In this regard, a psychological problem can only fluency during situations of meaningful communication be resolved through internal means, which sometimes [1]. include abandoning the original desire, and the task of This disorder belongs to the group of functional those who provide help is to assist the client in neuroses of communicative nature and can be changing themselves, rather than changing external life considered a disruption of speech communication. circumstances beyond their control. Stuttering, which arises in early childhood and Let us consider stuttering as a psychological problem. accompanies the development of personality until The study of the causes and mechanisms of stuttering maturity, significantly distorts both one’s relationship in the form of logoneurosis shows that persistent with the external environment and one’s personal logophobic difficulties can be viewed as the result of development. Of particular importance in this disorder many incomplete speech communication situations. is the fixation of the individual on their speech defect The concept of incomplete actions is central in Gestalt (V.I. Seliverstov), which hinders not only fluent and therapy and originates in Gestalt psychology of rhythmic speech production but also the ability to fully perception (B.F. Zeigarnik, F. Perls, Polster & Polster). express oneself in communication. The degree of B.F. Zeigarnik discovered the phenomenon of fixation on stuttering begins to progress already in enhanced memory for incomplete actions, which adolescence and becomes a factor that hinders not postulated the principle of completion: a person always only communication but also personal growth in many strives to complete an action or situation because areas of life. incomplete actions and situations form a tension- American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 123 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141) charged system that demands resolution and a “sounding psychological trauma”: it becomes fulfillment. This principle became the foundation of the apparent not only auditorily (tonic-clonic speech concept of incomplete actions (or situations) in Gestalt blocks, verbal tricks, collapse of speech programming) therapy (F. Perls) [4]. but also visually (muscle spasms in the face, mouth, neck, facial tics, accompanying movements—shoulder, The basis of incomplete speech acts in stuttering is the hand, or leg twitches, tapping, foot-stamping, etc.) and incompleteness and dysfunction of the communicative physically (adoption of awkward “insecure” postures, act, and often its interruption, and therefore, the avoidance of eye contact, inflexible speech interruption of the satisfaction of the need for communication strategies, etc.). communication. In communication, the individual seeks to satisfy their active and tense communicative Another feature of stuttering as a psychological need, i.e., to complete unfinished communicative problem is its masking as a pure