THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT: ECHOES FROM ANDIJAN, KOKAND, AND TASHKENT

Аннотация

This article explores the spatial and ideological geography of the Central Asian independence movement in the early 20th century, focusing on the key urban centers of Andijan, Kokand, and Tashkent. Each city played a distinct yet interconnected role in shaping resistance to Russian imperial and later Soviet rule. By tracing intellectual, spiritual, and political activities across these centers, the study highlights the regional character of the Turkestani liberation struggle and how it reflected a shared vision for sovereignty, cultural renewal, and national identity. Keywords: independence movement, Central Asia, Kokand Autonomy, Andijan uprising, Jadidism,colonial resistance, Turkestan.