HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF THE JARKOTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE

Аннотация

This article analyzes the study history of the Zharkoton archaeological monument of the Bronze Age of the Pottery culture. Since 1969, regular research has been conducted by scholars from Tashkent state university and the institute of Archaeology of the Academy of sciences. During archaeological excavations, a temple with a complex structure, economic facilities, residential buildings, ceramics, metal objects and religious artifacts have been discovered. The Jarkoton site holds great scientific significance for studying the socio- economic life, beliefs and lifestyle of ancient peoples through its unique architectural style, religious symbols found in artistic samples and material cultural monuments. This site has been recognized as an important source for the study of proto-urban civilizations in Central Asia. These archaeological findings not only reflect the richness of Uzbekistan’s historical heritage but also play an important role in shedding light on the ancient stages of human history and continueto attract significant interest in academiccircles today. Keywords: Jarqoton, fire worship temple, jewelry, ceramic dishes, household items, holy drink –khaoma. ENTER As a result of a meeting of the first President of the Respublic of Uzbekistan, I. A. Karimov, with historians and archaeologists in 1998, the Resolution “On improving the activities of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the republic of Uzbekistan” was adopted. Based on the tasks in theparagraphs of this Resolutionrelated toarchaeology, a Concept forthe Development of the Science of Archaeology in Uzbekistan was developed. The Concept became themain reason for thedevelopment ofthe field ofArchaeology. The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 846 “On Approval of the National List of Immovable Property Objects of Tangible Cultural Heritage” of October 4, 2019, provided information for the implementation of search and excavation work at archaeological monuments in the country. The Jarkoton settlement was also identified among thesemonuments. RESEARCH Jarkoton, located on the left bank of the Bostonsoy stream, a tributary of the Sherabad River, in the Sherabad district of the Surkhandarya region, is a monument dating back to the second half oftheII ndmillennium BC. Its area is100hectares. page1999 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Academician A. Askarov specifically noted that the formation of cities is historically necessary, mainly due to the sedentary economic life of the population and the presence of three other factors related to it. These are: Firstly, favorable natural conditions, newfertile soil,water and othergeographical factors; Secondly, productiveirrigated agriculture; Thirdly, the emergence of agricultural technology that ensures agriculture [1. P – 25]. These are due to the fact that the conditions were ripe for the emergence of a stratified society based on economic factors in the emergence of the city, which was formed religiously, militarily and politically. The radical changes that occurred in economic life, the discovery of an artificial irrigation system in agriculture, provided the release of water from rivers to new lands through main canals. The use of plows and animal power in tilling the land, the discovery of the wheel and complex kiln in pottery, the technology of metal smelting and casting, the transition to the use of domestic animals as transport, the invention of astronomy, astrology, sundials, calendars, complex counting systems based on accumulated knowledge about the environment, and other things led tostratification in social life. Such advanced monuments consisted ofthree parts: 1.The arch section covered an area of 5 hectares. It was surrounded by defensive walls. The remains of the palace here were excavated and studied. It was square in shape (36x36 meters in size) and surrounded by a wall 4.5 m thick. The arch was entered through a special gate. In collaboration with A. Askarov and his students, a whole metal smelting workshop was opened here, and two two-tier circuler metal smelting furnaces were opened, built close to each other at the“Metallurgical Plant”. 2.Shahriston –50-75 hectares. In its highest part there was atemple offire worship. Thetemple was surrounded by a wall 4,5 m thick. It consisted of two parts, the sacred fire pit and the production area. The fire pit was discovered in 1973 by an archaeological expedition led by A. Askarov. The sacred part of this place was square in shape (35x35 m), where there were elements related to the worship of sacred fire and water (sacred wells, altars, a khilkhona, a treasury and a raised area with 4 main altars). In the production and economic part of the temple there is a room for preparing the sacred drink – khaoma, workshops for preparin