A Cross-Cultural Analysis of The Typology of War and Battle Lexemes in English

Аннотация

This paper explores the typological variety of war- and battle-related lexemes in English, focusing on both literal and metaphorical formations. Using a linguocultural and lexicographic approach, it examines their semantic categories, diachronic development, and conceptual framing, with comparative analysis from Uzbek. The study finds that English possesses a highly diversified lexical field shaped by historical, ideological, and media- driven influences. In contrast, Uzbek equivalents reflect both structural gaps and growing lexical borrowing due to globalization. This research contributes to the understanding of cross-cultural lexical typology and the cognitive framing of conflict. Keywords: War lexemes, battle compounds, metaphor, Uzbek comparison, cognitive linguistics, linguocultural analysis. Uzbek were identified through native Uzbek Introduction: The conceptualization of conflict in dictionaries, academic Uzbek corpora, and translations. English is deeply embedded in a wide array of lexemes Additionally, metaphorical and conceptual framing was derived from the roots war and battle. These terms interpreted using theories from cognitive linguistics occur both in literal military contexts and in and discourse analysis. No Wikipedia sources were metaphorical extensions applied to social, political, used; only scholarly publications and peer-reviewed economic, and even cultural domains. This paper aims works were consulted. to classify the diverse types of compound lexemes formed with war and battle, compare them with Uzbek This study also applied a cross-cultural semantic equivalents, and interpret their sociolinguistic analysis framework based on Wierzbicka’s NSM implications using a linguocultural framework. The (Natural Semantic Metalanguage) approach and study also explores the diachronic development and utilized corpus tools to examine frequency and obsolescence of certain war-related compounds in distribution patterns in the Corpus of Contemporary English. The research is guided by the following American English (COCA) and the British National questions: (1) What are the main typological categories Corpus (BNC). For Uzbek, the National Corpus of the of war and battle compounds in English? (2) How do Uzbek Language and select Uzbek news portals were these categories differ or correspond to lexical used as reference points. constructions in Uzbek? (3) What role do metaphor and