On the Formation of Transport Logistics Terminology in Modern Chinese Language

Аннотация

This scientific article examines the principles and mechanisms of term formation in the field of transport logistics in modern Chinese. It analyzes the linguistic and structural features of the most commonly used terms in this field, paying special attention to their word formation models, sources of borrowing, and semantic adaptation. The study highlights the active role of internationalization and the influence of English on the formation of Chinese logistics terminology, as well as the importance of standardization and unification in professional communication. Keywords: Transport logistics, terminology, modern Chinese, word formation, borrowing, international terms, linguistic adaptation. equivalents in logistics terminology. This indicates that Introduction: In Uzbek Sinology, scholarly research has the topic selected for our study remains been devoted to the study of methods for forming underexplored. terminological concepts and identifying their semantic equivalents. Among the contributors to this field are Transport logistics is a field that encompasses a wide A.A. Karimov [1], S.A. Nasirova [2], S.A. Khashimova [3], range of disciplines, including logistics itself, S.T. Mustafaeva [4], L.A. Sultanova [5], and others. economics, politics, and others. When translating According to A.A. Karimov, “a term as a unit of language specialized business texts, such as documents related follows the phonetic and grammatical rules of that to the transportation of goods, special attention must language,” and “the structural and semantic features of be paid to the use and translation of terms. a term are revealed in the field of word formation, For this research, both authentic shipping documents where certain formatives become specialized, and sample documents found online and on logistics particularly in terminological models” [6]. companies’ websites were used. In this article, we S.A. Nasirova notes that term formation in the Chinese briefly describe the main types of shipping documents, language is also characterized by such methods as including supply contracts, bills of lading, customs compounding, affixation, and abbreviation, in addition declarations, waybills, and others. to the aforementioned techniques. These conclusions Translation from Chinese into Russian has its own were drawn from the analysis of socio-political specific features. A translator must convey the meaning terminology [7]. of a Chinese scientific or business text using the means Nevertheless, despite the existing research, to date of the Russian language. According to O.S. Akhmanova, there are no studies devoted to the comprehensive a translator must have a deep understanding not only investigation of terminology in the field of transport of Chinese vocabulary but also of its morphology and logistics. The absence of a unified terminological word formation mechanisms to ensure maximum base—primarily due to the polysemy of Chinese accuracy and adequacy of translation [8]. characters and the metaphorical nature of the terms— A.L. Semenas identifies the following methods of word significantly complicates the search for semantic formation: compounding, affixation, abbreviation, and American Journal Of Philological Sciences 78 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) borrowing from other languages [9]. The word- “cargo declaration”; formation structure of lexical units is characterized by • 重 “heavy” + 量 “quantity” = 重量 – “weight”. their grammatical properties and the type of Combining a verb and a noun using a verb-object connection between their components. relationship results in a noun: Model: Verb + Noun = The components of compound words may be nouns, Noun verbs, or adjectives in their grammatical nature. Lexical Example: complexes (compound words) are formed through five main types of grammatical relationships between • 签 “to sign” + 名 “name” = 签名 – “signature”. components: A noun can also be formed by joining two adjectives 1. Attributive: the first component defines the using a copulative connection: Model: Adjective + second by indicating its category or type. Adjective = Noun 2. Copulative: the components are equal in status Example: and denote the same concept. • 快 “fast” + 速 “rapid” = 快速 – “speed”. 3. Verb-object: the first component denotes an Two verbs connected using a copulative relationship action directed toward the second component, which also form a noun: functions as the object. Model: Verb + Verb = Noun 4. Verb-result: the second component indicates the result of the action expressed by the first. Example: 5. Subject-predicate: the first component acts as • 买 “to buy” + 卖 “to sell” = 买卖 – “trade”. the subject, and the second denotes its action or state. 2. Logistics Terms Formed by Combining Two Verbal A.L. Semenas classifies the types of grammatical Roots connections in lexical complexes (compound words) The copulative connection of two verbs forms a new bas