Blood-Brain Barrier: Structure, Function and Neurological Consequences Of Disruption: Role In Brain Protection And Maintenance Of Homeostasis. Disturbances In Strokes, Neuroinfections , Neurodegeneration , Tumors

Аннотация

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex morphofunctional system that ensures selective permeability between the bloodstream and tissues of the central nervous system. This article discusses the anatomical and histological structure of the BBB, its key functions in protecting the brain and maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of barrier function impairment in various pathological conditions - strokes, neuroinfections , neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors. The consequences of BBB dysfunction and modern approaches to diagnostics and therapy, including pharmacological modulation and targeted drug delivery technologies are analyzed. The presented material emphasizes the importance of maintaining the integrity of the BBB for neuroprotection and treatment of a wide range of neurological disorders. Keywords: Blood-brain barrier, neurohomeostasis , permeability, stroke, neuroinfections, neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, cerebral edema, tight junctions , neuroinflammation. tumors. Introduction: The human central nervous system (CNS) is highly sensitive to changes in the internal and Modern concepts of the structure and functions of the external environment, which necessitates its reliable BBB, as well as the mechanisms of its disruption, are protection. One of the key structures that ensures the important not only for diagnostics, but also for the isolation of the brain from potentially harmful development of new therapeutic approaches, including substances circulating in the systemic bloodstream is methods of targeted drug delivery to the central the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This unique structure, nervous system. The purpose of this article is to formed by tight junctions of endothelial cells of brain systematize existing data on the morphology and capillaries, pericytes, astrocytes and the basement functions of the BBB, analyze the neurological membrane, acts as a selective filter and active regulator consequences of its disruption, and consider promising of exchange between blood and nervous tissue. areas in the restoration and modulation of the barrier function in various diseases. The BBB not only prevents the penetration of toxins, pathogens and immune cells into the brain Purpose of the study parenchyma, but also participates in maintaining ionic To study the structure and functions of the blood-brain balance, nutrient delivery, and regulating barrier and analyze the consequences of its disruption neuroinflammatory reactions. Violation of the integrity in various neurological diseases. and function of the BBB underlies the pathogenesis of