METHODS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING BASED ON THE BIOLOGICAL AGE OF BASKETBALL PLAYERS: A REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE

Аннотация

This article analyzes the scientific research of Uzbek, Russian, and foreign scientists on the methods of developing age-related physical indicators of basketball players. The importance of optimizing physical fitness and effectively organizing thetraining process, taking into account the biological age of young athletes, is emphasized. The article provides information about Peak Height Velocity (PHV) - the concept of the fastest growth period and its importance in sports. The research results show that age-appropriate training methods help improvephysical qualities andreduce therisk ofinjuries. Introduction. Basketball is a complex and dynamic sport that requires physical strength, speed, endurance, quick thinking, and a high level of coordination. The success of athletes often depends on their physical fitness and technical skills, and especially in the process of training young athletes, it is necessary to take into account the growth characteristics of their body, biological age, and individual characteristics. Age-appropriate training methods play an important role in the development of physical performance of young basketball players. The reason is that each athlete's body responds differently at different stages of growth and development. Growth rates and changes in the musculoskeletal system, especially during adolescence, change the requirements for physical activity. Therefore, coaches and scientists emphasize the need to accurately assess the biological age of young athletes and adapt the training process accordingly. One ofthe important indicators indetermining biological age is Peak Height Velocity (PHV), that is, the period of peak growth. The PHV stage plays an important role in the formation of athletes' physical potential, since it is during this period that their muscle strength, speed, endurance, and coordination change rapidly. Therefore, adapting training loads and training to thePHVstage allows reducing therisk ofinjuries and maximizing theathlete's development. In the scientific research of Uzbek, Russian, and foreign scientists, numerous studies are being conducted on the development of physical fitness of young athletes in accordance with age. These studies contribute to the improvement of methodological approaches and the creation of individualized training systems. Also, taking into account age-related characteristics in the development of physical qualities (strength, speed, endurance, coordination) increases the possibilityof preventing injuries and achieving long-term success in sports. This article analyzes the scientific works of Uzbek, Russian, and foreign scientists on the methods of developing the physical performance of young basketball players, and also discusses age-appropriate training approaches, the concept of PHV, and their practical significance. The article serves to create a methodological basis for optimizing the training of young athletes andprotecting them from injuries. page1936 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Literature review. Russian scientist A. V. Ivanov (2017) studied the relationship between biological age and physical fitness and identified changes in such indicators as basketball players' growth rate (PHV) and muscle strength, speed. Ivanov's research showed that special training isimportant for increasing muscle strength during themost active period ofgrowth. E. N. Petrova (2019) developed training programs for the development of endurance and strength indicators. He proposed special methods for young athletes, taking into account recovery and physiological adaptation. Petrova believes that the training loads of young basketball players should correspond to theirbiological age and growth stage. V. I. Smirnov (2018) developed methods for periodizing the training process of young basketball players. According toSmirnov's research, it is necessary tomanage training intensity, taking into account the development of muscle strength and coordination at different stages of thegrowth period. T. A. Kozlova (2020) created training systems that combined the technical and physical training of young athletes. Kozlova emphasized the importance of taking into account individual characteristics using an age-appropriate approach in increasing the effectiveness of training. One of the scientists from Uzbekistan, Sh.Akhmedov, having studied the biological and chronological aspects of the age of basketball players, emphasizes that it can directly affect the level of their physical fitness. In his opinion, coaches should adapt training sessions, taking into account theindividualcharacteristics ofyoung players. Sh.Yuldashev worked on the endurance and strength indicators of young basketball players. In his research, he developed a special cardiorespiratory and strength training system for young children. H