EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF FEEDING AND IRRIGATION REGIMES IN GREENHOUSE GROWING OF COCKTAIL TOMATOES

Аннотация

Mazkur maqolada issiqxona sharoitida kokteyl tipidagi pomidor navlarini yetishtirishda turli sug‘orish va oziqlantirish rejimlarining samaradorligi tahlil qilingan. Tajriba davomida Sweet Million va Sakura F1 navlariga tamchilab, og‘iz va gibrid usullarda sug‘orish, shuningdek, uch xil NPK proporsiyasida (1:1:1, 1:0.5:1.5 va 1.5:1:1) oziqlantirish rejimlari qo‘llanildi. Natijalarga ko‘ra, tamchilab sug‘orish hamda fosfor va kaliyga boy oziqlantirish sharoitida eng yuqori hosildorlik va meva sifati ta’minlandi. Suv sarfining kamayishi va mevadagi Briks, sho‘rlik, tashqi ko‘rinishning yaxshilanishi esa texnologiyaning iqtisodiy samaradorligini ko‘rsatdi. Natijalardan kichik fermer xo‘jaliklari uchun tavsiyalar shakllantirildi. Kalit so‘zlar: kokteyl pomidor, issiqxona, sug‘orish usuli, oziqlantirish rejimlari, NPK, tamchilab sug‘orish, hosildorlik, sifat ko‘rsatkichlari. Аннотatsiя: В данной статье проанализирована эффективность различных режимов полива и питания при выращивании коктейльных сортов томатов в тепличных условиях. В эксперименте использовались сорта Sweet Million и Sakura F1 с применением капельного, традиционного (орошения) и гибридного полива, а также трёх пропорций удобрений NPK (1:1:1, 1:0.5:1.5 и 1.5:1:1). Наилучшие показатели урожайности и качества плодов были достигнуты при капельном поливе и повышенном содержании фосфора и калия. Экономическая эффективность технологии проявилась в снижении расхода воды и улучшении качества плодов. Сформулированы практические рекомендatsiи для малых фермерских хозяйств. Ключевые слова: коктейльные томаты, теплица, режим полива, питание, удобрения NPK, капельный полив, урожайность, качество продукции. Annotation: This article evaluates the effectiveness of different irrigation and fertilization regimes in cultivating cocktail-type tomato varieties under greenhouse conditions. The experiment involved Sweet Million and Sakura F1 varieties using drip, surface, and hybrid irrigation methods, combined with three NPK ratios (1:1:1, 1:0.5:1.5, and 1.5:1:1). The highest yield and fruit quality were achieved under drip irrigation with phosphorus and potassium-rich nutrition. The method proved economically efficient by reducing water consumption and improving Brix, salinity, and external appearance of fruits. Practical recommendations were developed for smallholder farmers. Keywords: cocktail tomato, greenhouse, irrigation method, fertilization regime, NPK, drip irrigation, yield, fruit quality. page 1844 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23 American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06, 2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Enter Today, in greenhouse vegetable growing, along with ensuring high yields and quality indicators, the need for the use of resource-saving technologies is growing. In particular, rational use of water and mineral fertilizers is of great importance in reducing production costs and ensuring environmental sustainability. Cocktail-type tomato varieties are a salty, small-sized, highly export-oriented product, and for their high-quality and efficient cultivation, it is necessary to develop a correct irrigation and feeding strategy. The development of these varieties in a greenhouse environment is very sensitive, and water shortages or nutrient imbalances can negatively affect fruit set, salinity levels, appearance, and overall yield. Therefore, determining the most effective and resource-saving feeding and irrigation system by comparing irrigation types (drip, overhead, hybrid) and different NPK ratios is of great importance for practice. This approach, while improving product quality, allows for the introduction of economically viable technologies for small and medium-sized farms. The main objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of feeding and irrigation regimes in the cultivation of cocktail-type tomato varieties in greenhouse conditions, to determine the relationship between water consumption and crop quality, and to develop scientifically based recommendations for practice. Methods. The study was conducted in an intensive greenhouse with polycarbonate covering in the Tashkent region during the 2024–2025 season. Two types of cocktail tomato varieties were selected as the objects - Sakura F1 and Sweet Million. These varieties are distinguished by their high yield, fruit quality, and high demand in the consumer market. • Irrigation methods used in the experiment: • 1. Drip irrigation (intensive method) • 2. Sprinkling (traditional) irrigation • 3. Hybrid method (drip + periodic sprinkling irrigation) • The amounts of three types of mineral fertilizers were determined differently in the feeding regimes: • • NPK 1:1:1 - standard nutrient balance • • NPK 1:0.5:1.5 - regime with a predominance of phosphorus and potassium • • NPK 1.5:1:1 - regime with a predominance of nitrogen • In total, 3 (irrigation) × 3 (feeding) = 9 experimental variants were c