The Effect Of Various Agrotechnological Measures On The Chickpea Plant And The Number Of Weeds In Rainfed Fields

Аннотация

This article presents the research results on the impact of fertilization rates on the number of chickpea plants and weeds in rainfed fields. The research was conducted at the “Zomin Bodomtepa Adiri” farm, located near the Zomin National Nature Park in the Zomin district. Keywords: Soil fertility, mineral fertilizers, various agrotechnological measures, mulching, crop rotation, number of plants, weeds. Introduction: According to the Strategy for the effective use of rainfed lands in agricultural production Development of Agriculture of the Republic of and maintaining and increasing soil fertility through Uzbekistan for 2020–2030, important strategic tasks improved methods of cultivating leguminous crops is have been defined, including: “…the consistent one of today's pressing tasks. development of agricultural production, strengthening Efficient use of rainfed lands, alongside irrigated areas, the country's food security, increasing the production is essential to more fully meet the population’s needs of environmentally friendly products, and mitigating for grain and flour products, high-protein and dietary the negative impact of global climate change on the legumes, oilseeds, and vegetable crops. development of agriculture.” Therefore, it is of Rainfed fields have specific soil and climatic conditions, particular importance to improve the agrophysical and and the farming systems and agrotechnologies applied agrochemical properties of soils widespread in rainfed differ from those used in other regions. This is primarily areas, to make effective use of natural moisture, and to due to the sharply continental climate, with cold increase soil fertility and crop productivity by winters and hot summers. Most precipitation falls in cultivating leguminous crops and studying their effect winter and spring. In many years, starting from the on soil fertility. second half of May, precipitation significantly At present, the area of land used for agricultural crop decreases, temperatures rise, and both air and soil cultivation globally amounts to 1.6 billion hectares, of become dry, which slows photosynthesis. Under such which 1.3 billion hectares are rainfed lands, accounting conditions, all agrotechnological measures should aim for 60% of agricultural output. Therefore, ensuring the to ensure the effective use of natural moisture [1]. American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 20 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) The research is being conducted at the “Zomin rainfed areas are among the most pressing agro- Bodomtepa Adiri” farm, located near the Zomin economic challenges. The research indicates that National Nature Park in Zomin district. Geographically, leguminous crops, particularly chickpeas, play a Zomin district lies in the western part of Jizzakh region. significant role not only in ensuring food security but The area consists of sedimentary rocks from the also in enriching the soil with nitrogen, thereby helping Paleozoic era (Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous to restore and improve its fertility. periods), including limestone, crystalline schist, and Field experiments were conducted with 10 variants in 3 sandstone. Karst formations are widespread in areas replications. Two main agrotechnological approaches composed of Devonian limestone, including karrens were tested in this experiment: and sinkholes, especially on the edge of the Supa • A1 – Traditional technology plateau and the Ko‘lsoy gorge. Paleogene and • A2 – Mulching technology especially Neogene deposits, including reddish clay, During the vegetation period, plants were supplied sandstone, and conglomerates, are widely spread in with mineral fertilizers and biopreparations in various the central part of the Ko‘lsoy and Qizilmozorsoy dosages. basins, forming a variety of landforms. The climate of Each technology group (A1 and A2) included five the National Nature Park is a typical mountainous variants, which differed by: climate, with cold winters and relatively cool summers. • Type and quantity of fertilizer According to the Ko‘lsoy meteorological station, the • Application method absolute minimum temperature is –32°C, and the • Use of additional substances (biopreparations, absolute maximum is +33°C. The highest temperatures fungicides, insecticides) are recorded in July and August, and the lowest in In each variant, the number of plants per 1 m² December and January. The frost-free period lasts permanent plot was observed, and both total and approximately 140 days. The long-term average annual average values were recorded. precipitation ranges from 450 mm to 700–800 mm. Traditional Technology (A1) Winters in the park are stable and last about 5 months. In the traditional technology (A1), plant density varied In high mountain areas, snow cover persists from depending on the type and method of fertilizer November until May–June [2]. application: Res