Studying and Identifying Promising of Collection Varieties of Potatoes in The Conditions of The Republic of Karakalpakstan

Аннотация

This scientific article mainly provides information on the study and propagation of potato collection variety samples, their growth and development, and yield. The research was conducted in the experimental fields of the Karakalpak Research Institute of Agriculture in 2024. Today, potatoes are planted on more than 21.5 million hectares in more than 160 countries of the world, and more than 351 million tons of potatoes are harvested annually. Keywords: Potato, collection, variety sample, germination, budding, flowering, number of stems, plant height, yield. Introduction: Today, potatoes are the second largest tyrosine, isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan) and agricultural crop in the world after wheat, rice, and surpasses other crop proteins in its biological corn in terms of area, and second in importance. That's significance. why they call potatoes second bread. Potatoes are a The countries with developed potato cultivation are source of proteins, starch, various vitamins, elements, Russia (4.4 million ha), China (4 million ha), Poland (2.2 and mineral salts that are important for humans. million ha), Germany (0.7 million ha), the USA (0.5 The biochemical composition of potato tubers consists million ha). [4;5]. of 75% water and 25% dry matter. Starch constitutes Potatoes are grown on very large areas in the USA, 70-80% of the dry matter, and its content in the tubers Canada, Holland, Finland, Germany, France, Italy, is 13-20%, protein 2-3%, fiber 1%, oil 0.2-0.3%, sugar England, India, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Russia, Belarus, 1%, and ash 0.8-1.0%. In addition, potato tubers China, Japan. [5, 6]. contain vitamins (C, B1-B6, PP, K, and carotenoids). METHODS Mineral elements (calcium, iron, iodine, sulfur, It was conducted in 2024 in the experimental fields of phosphorus, potassium, etc.) in nodules play an the Karakalpak Research Institute of Agriculture. In the important role in strengthening bones and muscles in study, 16 potato varieties, included in the state register the body of a growing person. Potato protein is rich in created by the Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon essential amino acids (like lysine, leucine, valine, Crops and Potato Growing, were planted in 2 rows at a American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 26 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) distance of 5 meters, in 1 repetition. Planting scheme 2 rows, 1 repetition. 70x25 cm. In the experimental variant, 16 varietal samples were The following methodological guidelines were used in sown. Phenological observations and biometric the research:"Methodology for Conducting measurements were carried out on the potato Experiments in Vegetable Growing, Melon Growing, collection planted in the selection garden. After sowing and Potato Growing"[1],"Methodology of Field every 10 varieties, the Sante variety was planted as a Experiment"[2]. control. In the top ten, the varieties Aqrob, Diyora, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Toshkent ertagisi, Uzbekistan qizili, Umid, Pitek, Variety samples of early-season potatoes, imported Evolyushen, Kaya, Zerve, Hamkor-1150 were compared from the Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops with the control Santa variety. If the control variety and Potato Growing and sown for the purpose of Sante germinated 10% in 18 days and 75% in 29 days, studying and selecting local varieties in the conditions then compared to it, the lines Diyora, Uzbekistan qizili, of the Republic of Karakalpakstan: Umid, Arizona, Evolyushen germinated 10-75% of SPE AND KITI's Aqrob, Diyora, Toshkent Yertagisi, seedlings 3-4 days earlier than the control variety. In Uzbekistan Qizili, Umid, Pitek, Evolyushen, Kaya, Zerve, the budding and flowering period, Uzbekistan red, Hamkor-1150, Ultraeshim, Arizona, Quvonch-1656, Evolyushen, Khamkor-1150, Ultrayeshim, Quvonch- Bardoshli-3, Yaroqli-2010. In the experimental field of 1656, Yaroqli-2010 samples were observed 1-7 days local Santa varieties, samples of each variety were earlier compared to the St. Sante variety. sown according to the 70×25 cm scheme in 5 meters in 1-Table Results of phenological and biometric measurements of potato samples planted in the selection garden Germination of During the mass seedlings, days flowering of the plant Variety Yield per % of the № number Yield, t/ha samples stem height, bush, g control 10% 75% of stems, cm pieces 1 Aqrob 18 29 1,3 28 214 12,1 103,4 2 Diyora 17 29 1,5 33 253 14,3 123,0 Toshkent 3 32 51 1,2 22 - - - ertagisi Uzbekistan 4 14 21 1,1 25 267 15,1 129,0 qizili 5 Umid 15 22 2,5 45 114 6,4 55,5 6 Pitek 29 38 1,2 40 113 6,4 54,7 7 Evolyushen 17 24 1,6 32 592 33,6 287,1 8 Kaya 44 52 1,3 28 110 6,2 52,9 9 Zerve - - - - - - - 10 Hamkor-1150 29 38 2,1 32 122 6,9 58,9 Sante (st) 18 29 1,5 32 206 11,7 100,0 11 Ultraeshim 26 32 1,2 51 478 27,1 231,6 12 Arizona 17 23 1,3 32 198 11,2 95,7 13 Quvonch-1656 25 38 1,3 43 115 6,5 55,5 14 Bardoshli-3 27 40 2,1 37 7