THE CONCEPT OF "DEVELOPMENT" BASED ON DIALECTIC AND METAPHYSICAL CONCEPTS

Аннотация

the article is devoted to the essence of the concept of “development” based on its consideration from thesideoftwo concepts oftheuniverse: dialectical and metaphysical. Key words: development , dialectics, metaphysics, philosophical school of dialectical materialism,concept ofendogenous growth, privatization. The interpretation of the essence of the concept of “development” was carried out on the basis ofitsconsideration from thesideof two concepts oftheuniverse: dialectical andmetaphysical. Metaphysical interpretation of development has been carried out since ancient times. A great contribution to this type of interpretation of the concept of "development" was made by Aristotle and Starigites . Thus, Aristotle sought a solution to this problem in observing changes in living nature, and Starigites considered development as the identification of stable trends in somethingand theendless repetitionofthese trends 1. Some representatives of German classical philosophy and materialism stood out for their dialectical understanding of the concept of “development”, in particular Hegel, who believed thatdevelopment is atransition from quantitativechanges to qualitativeones. Worthy of attention is the dialectical interpretation of the concept of "development", which is based on Fichte's concept ofthecontinuous transformation between the so-called "I" and "not I". Thus, the absolute and moral "I" is opposed to the empirical, experience-based "not I", which leads to theformation of a"newI", which synthesizesthe properties ofthe two previous ones. K. Marx also gives his interpretation of development. The philosopher, in particular, considers this concept as a denial of material reality, which entails changes, and, consequently, the development of this reality. On the basis of the assumption, the philosophical school of dialectical materialism developed, whose representatives believed that development is possible dueto certain internal transformations in material reality. The study of the concept of “economic development” in scientific literary sources is carried out onthebasis offive areas ofanalysis: -model oflinear stages ofdevelopment; -application of thetheory ofstructural transformations; -useofexternal dependence theory; -theconcept ofendogenous growth, also known as thenew theory ofeconomic growth; -aneoclassical theory whosekey categories are privatizationand free markets. The first of these theories of economic development was developed by the American economist and historian Rostow . This concept is based on the assumption that economic development can be broken down into a certain sequence of stages, which are preceded by the accumulation of 1BuzgalinA.V.,KolganovA.I.Globalcapital.In2volumes.V.2.Theory:Globalhegemonyofcapitalanditslimits /M.:LENAND,2015. page1733 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai savings. Thistheory ismathematically proven bythe Harrod-Domar model . The theory of structural transformations is based on the assumption that economic development is mainly possible due to the mechanisms of transformation of the economy into an economy with a more developed sectoral structure. Within the framework of this theory, a two-sector model of the economy was developed, the founder of which is considered to be A. Lewis, and thecreators oftheempirical analysis of theforms of development, Hollisand Cherner . The above models of economic development within the framework of the theory of structural transformations are characterized by certain differences. Thus, the two-sector model of Lewis is characterized by simplicity and, basically, is a reflection of the experience of Western countries 2. Neoclassical theory is based on the belief that economic development is possible only with minimal government intervention in the economy. Therefore, representatives of this theory are supporters of privatization of state property and reduction of government restrictions on the activities ofbusiness entities. The theory of endogenous growth or the new theory of economic growth arose due to the imperfection of previous theories of economic development, which is caused by their inability to provide the necessary level of development to third world countries and countries whose economies are dominated by transformation processes of transition to a market economy. According to this theory, ensuring the functioning of a free market in a country is not a sufficient condition for economic development. This functioning must be adapted to local conditions, which should be based on the mobilization of all available resources and the use of allnecessary opportunities. The analysis of economic development is possible on the basis of the theory of external dependence. This concept is based on the assumption that the most common type of economic interaction is the interacti