CONCEPT OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE REAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY

Аннотация

The article examines the methodological significance of the categories "concept" of the organization of the investment process in the real sector of the economy. The author systematizes the content and evolution of the views of representatives of various economic schools on the process of investing in the real sector of the economy in conceptual and fundamental aspects. Due to the controversial nature of the problem under consideration, the author's interpretation of the categories "concept" and "principle" is substantiated in relation to theinvestment process. Key words: conceptualism, concept, principle, crisis, recession, structural crisis, modernization, innovation,investmentlending. The definition of conceptual provisions describing the movement of investments in the real sector of the economy requires preliminary research into the essence of the concept of "concept". The term "concept" comes from the Latin word " conceptio ", which means "to grasp", and originated within the framework of the development of the medieval philosophical movement of conceptualism, whose representatives were such famous thinkers as Pierre Abelard, John Duns Scotus and others. The founder of conceptualism, among the mentioned philosophers, is considered to be P. Abelard, who was the first to form the main ideas of conceptualism and define its principles as a specific synthesis of rationalism and empiricism. The views of P. Abelard were inherent in the works of his followers, who were representatives of various movements and different eras. Thus, some provisions of medieval conceptualism were characteristic of the philosophical ideas of J. Locke and G. Hegel. Certain features of the philosophical movement founded by P. Abelard were also characteristic of such famous thinkers as Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, WilliamofOckham and others 1. 1StepanishchevA.F.RationalityofPhilosophyandScience:fromClassicstoPost-Non-Classics:monograph/A. F.Stepanishchev.-Bryansk:BSTU,2006.-P.236 page1723 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai The essence of P. Abelard's conceptualism was that general concepts are neither reality nor a designation of the content of words; they are inherent in the human mind before the beginningof knowledgeand acquire a certain meaning through human experience 2. The famous Scottish philosopher, author of the work "An Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense", Hamilton became the successor of the conceptualism traditions. Being a representative of the school of British empiricism, the said philosopher did not change the traditions of Scotland and therefore managed to develop conceptualism into a qualitatively new form. Thus, V.Hamilton ,using the term "concept", interpreted theessence of concepts as forms that restore the integrity of perceptual experience, but differ from perception intheconcentration of attention 3. In the 20th century , the main feature of the concept was considered to be the symbolization of personal perceptual experience through imagination. Such thoughts first manifested themselves in the works of the American philosopher S. Langer , who became famous for her works in the field of aesthetics and consciousness and made a significant contributionto understanding the essence of the"symbol" in science. Otherscientists who made a significant contribution to the study of this problem in the 20th century were E. Cassirer and A. Whitehead, whose studentS. Langer was . It is also worth noting the interpretation of the role of the concept in science by such philosophers as J. Deleuze and F. Guattari , known for their works “What is Philosophy” and “Anti - Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia”, in which the authors apply the concept of concepts, the key feature of which was that they formed the core of any concept, and interpret it as something inherent in thought, its very possibility, as a living category or an element of transcendental experience 4. Since conceptualism attempted to solve the extremely general and important for philosophy problem of the hierarchy of importance of reason and feelings in knowledge of the world by man, it is necessary to note that many thinkers have made their contribution to the development of conceptualism. However, the works ofD. Searle ,J. Habermas , B. Waldenfels , N. M. Bakhtin, K. A. Apel , V. S. Bibler , H. Blumenberg and the like are especially significant andrelevant tothescientificproblem understudy. Based on the opinions of famous scientists, it can be said that a concept should be considered an extremely generalized view of the essence of a certain phenomenon, on the basis of which it is possible to construct a general theoretical basis for the interpretation and solution ofcertain problems under study. Taking into account the above point of view, it should be noted that an important