THE ROLE OF MATHEMATICS IN TEACHING INFORMATICS

Аннотация

This article analyzes the structure, grammatical aspects, types and usage of prepositions in the Arabic language. In addition to expressing syntactic relations, prepositions in theArabic language play an important role in expressing themeaning of a sentence semantically. Of course, this article will be useful for those interested in the Arabic language and students studying it. Keywords: Arabic language (ةيبرعلا ةغلا) letter word group (فرح), prefixes ( رج فورحّ ), accusativecase (رجّ ), word inaccusative case (رورجم). In theArabic language, there are three main parts ofspeech: 1. مسلا(ism–noun). This category includes nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, adverbs, verbal nouns (masdars), participles, as well as some prepositions and modal words, similar to thoseinthe Uzbeklanguage. 2. لعفلا (fiʿl – verb). This category encompasses all verb forms, including tense, mood, voice, affirmativeand negativeforms. 3. فرحلا (ḥarf – particle). This category includes the definite article, prepositions, various particles, and, in general, auxiliary words. Prepositions (فورح رجلا – ḥurūf al-jarr), which belong to the category of particles, play an important role in Arabic sentences. They are among the key grammatical elements in the language, as they establish syntactic and semantic relationships between sentence components. Due to the richness and complexity of Arabic grammar, prepositions represent one of the most interesting yet challenging aspects for studentsand learners of Arabic. A significant part of auxiliary words consists of prepositions. Since the Arabic case system is rather limited, relations such as time, place, delimitation, and other various connections are mainly expressed through prepositions. A common feature of prepositions is that they always precede theword they govern and require that word toappearin thegenitivecase. The case system in Arabic differs somewhat from that of Uzbek. In Arabic, there are three grammatical cases, whereas in Uzbek thereare more. Case Definiteform Indefiniteform 1. Nominativecase ُف تاهلا (al-hātifu) ُف تاه(hātifun) 2. Accusative case ُف تاهلا (al-hātifa) افًتاه(hātifan) 3. Genitivecase ُف تاهلا (al-hātifi) ُف تاه(hātifin) For this reason, they cannot be used independently in other types of sentences. Moreover, in Arabic, case markers (i‘rāb)are always placed before theword they govern. Auxiliary words and prefixes that express meanings such as place, time, purpose, cause, means, andaccompaniment are called prepositions(فرح رر جلا –ḥarf al-jarr). Prepositionsin Arabic are divided intothree groups: http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 588 Volume15 Issue 08, August 2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 1.Original(basic)prepositions These are words that have lost their independent lexical meaning and are used only as prepositions.The following are examplesof original prepositions:  يفِ(fī –in, inside, at): Thestudentis at theuniversity.  ْن ِف (min –from, outof):Thestudent came out ofthe house. جرخ بلاطلانمِف يبلا  ىلإ(ilā–to, toward):Thestudent went to theuniversity. لخد بلاطلاىلإةف عماجلا  ىلََل (ʿalā–on, upon,above): Thenotebook isonthetable. رتفدلا ىلعةف لواطلا  ْن َل (ʿan –about,from): Thestudent asked about thelesson. لأس بلاطلا نعِف ردلا  ِف (bi –with, by means of):Hewrotetheletter with apen.بتكةلاسرلا ِفلقلاب  ِف (li–for, belonging to): Thisbook belongs tothe student.اذه باتكلابف لاطلل  َل (ka –like, as):Thegirl is beautifullike aflower.ِنبلا ةليمج فِدرولاك The prepositions ِف (bi), ِف (li), and َل (ka) are considered attached prepositions, as they are always written connected tothe words they govern. With With Definite Meaning in Arabic Indefinite Particle Example inEnglish Noun English Noun ِففلفقللافب (bi-l- ِففلفقفب (bi- With a pen / By means of a ِف (bi) with,bymeans of بف qalami) qalamin) pen For the student / Belonging بف لفاطط للف (li-ṭ- بف لفاطف لف (li- for, belonging to, ِف (li) لف to the student / The student ṭālibi) ṭālibin) possessed by has ِف مل ّط لاكف (ka-sh- ِف مل ّف كف (ka- َل (ka) like,as, similar to َف Likethe sun/ As asun shamsi) shamsin) When the preposition ِ (li – for) comes before the definite article ِا (al-), the initial ا (alif) is not written. For example:ل +ةسردملا = ةسردملل (for theschool). If the first letter of a noun is ِ (lām), then the ِ (lām) of the article ِا is also omitted: ةغللا + لف = ةغّلل(for thelanguage). 1.Nominal(derived) prepositions–Adverbs (فورظلا) This group includes words that, while still retaining their nominal features, can be used as adverbs. Thesewords often function in theaccusative case when used adverbially:  لخاد(dākhil–inside, within):Insidetheuniversity–لف خف اد ةف فعمف اجف للا  جراخ(khārij–outside):Outside theschool –جف رف اخف ةف سف رف دل مف لا  ربَ(ʿabr–through):Throughthebook –رف بلعف بف افتكف للا  ِلخ(khilāl –during): Duringthe holiday–لف َف خف ةف فلطل فعللا  ِرق(qurba –near, close to): Near thehouse–بف رف ق ِف ي