ANALYSIS OF RESTORATION PRACTICES OF UZBEK ARCHITECTS AND FOLK CRAFTSMEN

Аннотация

This study examines the practical experience of architectural scholars and folk craftsmen in the processes of preserving and rehabilitating architectural monuments across Uzbekistan. It analyzes the theoretical and methodological frameworks employed in restoration and conservation, highlighting their integration with local traditions. Special attention is paid to major restoration projects carried out since the second half of the 20th century, including profiles of prominent specialists, craftsmen, and institutions active in this domain. The findings of the research outline the scientific foundation of the national school of restoration that has emerged in Uzbekistan,elucidate its contemporary relevance, and assess future development potential. In the early 20th century, several prominent architectural monuments and historical sites in Uzbekistan were designated public patrimony and placed under state protection. In 1920, the “Turkomstaris Committee for the Protection of Monuments of Antiquity, Art, and Nature” was established to scientifically study and coordinate restoration activities related to these monuments. This organization later became known as “Sredazkomstaris,” and subsequently “Uzkomstaris.” On 8 March 1923, the Council of People's Commissars of Turkestan adopted a declaration “On the Registration and Documentation of Ancient and Artistic Monuments.” Under the guidance of Turkomstaris and its scholars, initial conservation registers of architectural monuments were created. During this phase, specialists such as V.L. Vyatkin, M.F. Mauer, M.E. Masson, B.I. Zasipkin, and A.P. Udalenkov conducted measurement surveys and condition assessments of historical sites. In addition, artists like I.S. Kazakov, A.V. Isupov, and M.V. Stolyarov made significant contributionsto documentary efforts through visual andwritten documentation. Local craftsmen and practical building specialists were involved in the restoration work — Abduqodir Boqiev, Shirin Murodov, Yusufali Musayev, Bolta Juraev, Jalol Juraev, and Kuli Jalilov. Also, highly skilled masters in decorative tiling and restoration were brought in, including Shamsiddin G‘ofurov, Akram Umarov, Ota Polvonov, Mirhamid Yunusov, and ToshpulatArslonqulov. At that time, several monuments had been neglected for a long period, had fallen into ruin, and were no longer usable. Therefore, the top priority was to preserve the main structural parts of the monumentsthat were indanger ofcollapse. Through the direct participation of local people's Masters in the process of this activity, the National School of restavrasiya was formed in Uzbekistan. Certain traditions, rules and styles have arisen regarding the repair of monuments, Canning, strengthening from an engineering pointofview. The scientific methodology and theoretical foundation for the repair of architectural monuments in Uzbekistan is a well-known scientist, an expert in the field of architecture B.I. Created by http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 535 Volume 15Issue 06, June 2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 zasipkin. His many years of observations and practical experience are embodied in a number of scientificsources. In the second half of the 20th century, the process of realizing the artistic and architectural heritage of the peoples of Uzbekistan is characterized by a continuous rise. Especially in the 1960s and 1970s, a number of important works were carried out on the restoration and restoration of architectural monuments in thecity ofSamarkand: The north-east tower of ulughbek madrasa (15th century) was restored. With a height of 32.7 meters, this tower was in a deviation position and was in danger of collapse. In 1932, after three years ofpreparation, therestoration ofthe towerbegan. Restoration process engineer M.F. Under Mauer's leadership, V.G. It was carried out on the basis of Shukhov's kinematic scheme. The towerwas restored bythe" center ofgravity shift " method. In 1965, Muslim poet Emmanuel Mendelevich Handel opened a giant ball minor organ in Madras. This minaret has been preserved to this day and was restored during the restoration in Samarkand. In 1972, E. M. Handel painted the Northwest Minaret of the Bibi-Eibat mosque. In 1969, during therestoration work in the Mazkurmosque, thesupporting structures ofthe mosque,Hussein, as- Pest,darshon and others were restored. In the 1970s, reconstruction was carried out on Independence Square in honor of the 525th anniversary of the birth of the great poet Alisher Navoi. During this period, the madras mosques of Ulugbek, Sherdor and Ainis Tillakori were restored. Architects Ibrahim Shermukhammedov, Anvar Kuliyev, Abdugakfor Kakulov, Abdugakfor Kakulov, Marmarali Karimbek Oblokulov, Uzbekiston Kadoni Mirumar Asadov, restorers R. Yunusov, A. Fattaev, M. Makhmudov, E. Nurullaev, G. Mukhammedov, Kuli Toirov, Olim Komilov,SadulloAkhmedov and others. In 1983, he graduated from the