FORMATION OF STUDENTS' THINKING IN THE PROCESS OF HIGHER EDUCATION: SCIENTIFIC-PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS AND METHODOLOGY

Аннотация

This article explores the scientific and philosophical foundations, as well as effective methodological approaches, to developing students' thinking in the context of higher education. Thinking is viewed as the basis for knowledge, worldview, and creative reasoning. The authors highlight didactic methods and pedagogical conditions essential for fostering critical and independent thinking among students. The paper also discusses the role of philosophy in modern education and suggests ways toimproveits methodological framework. Keywords: thinking, students, philosophy, methodology, scientific basis, critical thinking, worldview, higher education, development, teaching, independent thought, modern approach Login. In today's age of globalization and digital technologies, the development of human thinking and worldview is more important than ever. In a modern information society, the preparation of individuals who are independent thinkers, analytical, creative and critical thinkers is one of themost important tasks of higher education. The formation and development of a student's thinking is a priority. This article examines the philosophical, scientific and methodological foundations of this process. In particular, the formation of students' thinking in higher educational institutions, their orientation to critical, independent and creative thinking is one of the priority areas of the modern education system. The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-5847 dated October 8, 2019 - "On additional measures to radically improve the higher education system" also emphasizes the need to increase the intellectual potential of students and strengthen scientific and innovative approaches in preparing them forlife. Literature analysis. A number of scientists (V.V. Kryevsky [4], Ye.. Kryukov [5], V.V. Serikov [6]) have conducted studies on the ways and essence of implementing a new approach to the process of vocational education. This resolution and related regulatory documents provide for a fundamental improvement of the educational process in philosophical, scientific and methodological terms, in particular, the consistent introduction of approaches aimed at forming deep thinking and a broad worldview in students. After all, educating a young generation capable of independent thinking and philosophical analysis is the basis not only for thedevelopment ofscience, butalso forthestable and harmonious development ofsociety. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the role of philosophy in the formation of students' thinking in the higher education system, its scientific foundations and methodological approaches. It also explores ways to organize this process more effectively through the application ofmodern pedagogical technologies and innovativemethods. Thinking is the highest form of consciousness, the ability to generalize, understand, and recreate existence. In philosophy, thinking is seen as a person's internal intellectual activity and is an integral part of the cognitive process. Thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, Ibn Sina, and Descartes interpreted thinking as amental act aimed at knowledge. From a philosophical point ofview, thinkingis characterized bythefollowing aspects: 659 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue06(2025) The ability to abstract and generalize, analyze and synthesize, understand cause-and-effect relationships, and strivefor truth and acritical approach. Scientifically, the development of thinking is studied within the framework of psychology, pedagogy, and neurology. From a pedagogical point of view, thinking is a system of mental operations such as analysis, comparison, and generalization that arise during the student's cognitive activity. Motivation for learning, critical thinking, logical observation, and the ability tosolveproblem situationsare themain indicators of theformation of thinking. Themain principles identified onthebasis ofscientificresearch are: 1. Activity-based approach (teaching students through practical work) or learning through experience and action); 2. Use of interactive methods (teaching methods based on active communication between the teacherand thestudent); 3. Use of metacognitive strategies (the student plans, monitors and evaluates his own learning process); 4. Development of a culture of reflection and self-assessment (the student works on himself and analyzes his achievements andshortcomings). The above principles serve to effectively organize the educational process. They are aimed at increasing the student's activity, developing independent thinking, forming self-assessment and self-improvement skills,and are thebasis ofmodern pedagogical approaches. In the modern education system, it is important for the student not only to acquire knowledge, but also to think independently