THE SCIENTIFIC AND SPIRITUAL HERITAGE OF UZBEK MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

Аннотация

This article is about the origin of Uzbek folk instruments, the sources of information about them, and the opinions of our scholars about Uzbek folk instruments in their musical treatises. The article also talks about the history of musical instruments and their importance today. Key words: music, musical instrument, rubob, circle, musical treatise, musical heritage. It is known from history that Uzbek folk instruments have been formed in various ways, from unique forms and in accordance with all branches of music, and have developed over centuries. Our great scholars Abu Nasr Farobiy (9 th century) in his “Katta musiqa kitobi”(Big Book of Music), Safiuddin Urmaviy (12th century) in his treatise on Music, Abdul Qodir Marogiy (14th century) in his treatise "Jami al-alhon fi-ilm al-musiqiy ", Ahmadiy (14th century) in his work "The discussion of words", Zaynul al-Din Husayni (15th century) in his treatise "Risola dar bayoni qonuni va va amali musiqiy", Abdurahmon Jomiy (15th century), Amuliy (16th century), Darvesh Ali Changiy (17th century) in his musical treatises. studied them, touched on various aspects of research issues, and described the classification of musical instruments of their time. Great poets of the past referred to musical instruments in their works when recording the names of musical instruments and their skilled performers. In particular, it can be learned from the works of the great thinker poet Alisher Navoiy, who reached the level of enlightenment with his work, that he emphasized the most sophisticated https://scientific-jl.org/obr Выпуск журнала №-72 194 Часть–1_ июня–2025 ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ 2181- 3187 and classical branches of music science. By the 20th century, scientists such as Eyxgorn, Abdurauf Fitrat, Viktor Belyayev made effective efforts to study musical instruments and their performance issues. In historical manuscripts, literary works and musical treatises, the names of the instruments created in the practice of musical performance of the peoples of Central Asia are expressed. Musical brochures contain information about instruments (shape, structure, ratio of strings, tuning criteria, trees and materials used in making instruments. They include stringed instruments: Borbad, Ud, Rud, Qobiz, G'ijjak, Navha, Nuzkha, Qonun, Chang, Rubob, Tanbur, Dutor; Wind instruments: Ruhafza, Shammoma, Organun, Sibizgi, Nayi anbon, Chagona, Bulamon, Trumpet, Flute, Koshnai, Trumpet; Percussion instrument Among them, various levels of information are given about Daf, Doira, Nogora, Safoil, etc. Musical instruments have also developed in line with the passage of time and society's progress, improved and perfected in accordance with the times. In historical sources, the information such as Qulmuhammad Udi's fourth string on the oud instrument or the fact that the gijjak instrument first had two strings, then the third and fourth strings, are related to the improvement of the instruments. In the process of improvement, the enrichment of the shape and sound criteria of the instruments has gained great importance. These two criteria served as the basis for determining the spiritual and material value of musical instruments. Because a beautiful musical instrument has a beautiful sound, it should be acknowledged that it is the spiritual wealth and property of the people. At the end of the 19th century and the 20th century itself, Chang and Kashkar rubob was formed and took a large place in the performance of the instrument. Oud and Qonun instruments were revived and significantly enriched the performance practice. Afghan rubobi and Kurdish sozi also received a well-deserved reputation as an instrument performer with their unique charm. Information about the definition, forms, structures, structural aspects, and performers of musical instruments began to be covered mainly in literary literature and musical treatises since the Middle Ages. So, by the middle ages, folk musical instruments, which have been formed and https://scientific-jl.org/obr Выпуск журнала №-72 195 Часть–1_ июня–2025 ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ 2181- 3187 perfected since ancient times, found their place in performance practice. Abu Nasr Farabi, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Muhammad Al Khorazmi, Zainuluddin Husayni, Saifiuddin Urmawi, Abdul Qadir Maroghi, in their treatises, described in detail about musical instruments and a number of their qualities and characteristics in their treatises. In the musical treatises written in the Middle Ages, it is possible to see the changes made in the way of the improvement and development of instruments, the classification of new instruments created and obsolete instruments. By the second half of the 19th century, special importance was given to the study of traditional Uzbek musical instruments. Interest in the culture of the peoples of Central Asia increased in Western countries, and specialists began to come to study it. The information recorded in the diaries