THE ROLE OF VETERINARY LEGISLATION IN COMBATING HOOF DISEASES IN CATTLE: AN ANALYSIS OF TREATMENT AND PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS

Аннотация

В данной статье всесторонне анализируется роль ветеринарного законодательства в эффективной борьбе с болезнями копыт у крупного рогатого скота. Рассматриваются требования по профилактике и лечению данных заболеваний в рамках законодательства и нормативных документов Республики Узбекистан, их практическое применение, а также соответствие международным стандартам. Кроме того, проанализированы случаи нарушений ветеринарных норм и их последствия, включая финансовое, социальное и санитарно-эпидемиологическое воздействие. Статья содержит научно обоснованные предложения по совершенствованию государственной политики и законодательствавданнойсфере. Ключевые слова: коровы, болезни копыт, ветеринарное законодательство, профилактика, лечение, правовые нормы, животноводство, ветеринарный контроль, правонарушения. Introduction. The health and productivity of cattle are among the key factors underpinning the sustainability and development of modern livestock farming. In particular, the health of dairy cows is closely linked to widespread and complex issues such as hoof diseases, which result in significant financial losses in the livestock sector. Hoof diseases (lameness) not only restrict the mobility of animals but also reduce their nutrient intake, ultimately leading to a marked decline 575 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue06(2025) in milk and meat productivity. Furthermore, animals suffering from hoof disorders experience diminished welfare, increased levels of pain and stress, which in turn adversely affect their reproductive potential and overall lifespan. For this reason, the prevention and effective treatment of hoof diseases are of strategic importance not only for individual farming enterprises but also for the national livestock system as a whole. Combating such diseases requires more than just medical and veterinary technologies; it also necessitates the existence and strict enforcement of a legal and regulatory framework. Veterinary legislation plays a crucial role in disease prevention, prompt and effective treatment, and containment of disease spread by imposing mandatory regulations on livestock entities. The veterinary legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan has been specifically developed to achieve these goals by systematically regulating processes related to the control of hoof diseases in livestock. This legal framework defines the authority of veterinary services, outlines procedures for disease detection, prevention, and treatment, and establishes systems for disease reporting and monitoring. These legal norms serve to ensure a healthy and safe environment in the livestock sector and contribute to reducing the economic and social damage caused by diseases. In this way, veterinary laws act as an essential tool in effectively combating hoof diseases in cattle and havea direct impact onthe overall stabilityand development ofthe country's livestock industry. The Veterinary Legislation System and Its Impact on Hoof Diseases: The Legal Framework of Veterinary Legislation in Uzbekistan. The foundation of legal regulations in the field of veterinary medicine in Uzbekistan is established by the Law "On Veterinary Activity," adopted in 2018. This law serves as the principal legal document governing the development of the livestock sector, ensuring animal health and welfare, as well as preventing and effectively controlling animal diseases across the country. Its primary objective is to systematically regulate all areas of veterinary activity and to create the necessary legal and organizational conditions for livestock entities. The regulatory legal documents developed within the framework of this law—including resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers, normative acts of veterinary inspections, and regulations regarding veterinary services—define concrete mechanisms aimed at maintaining animal health. This legal framework plays a particularly critical role in controlling widespread and economically significant diseases, such as hoof disorders.The law stipulates comprehensive measures to ensure epidemiological safety in livestock, including the prevention, monitoring, and treatment of diseases, as well as controlling their emergence, spread, and consequences. Furthermore, it imposes obligations on livestock entities to comply with veterinary requirements and outlines mechanisms for legal accountability in cases of violations. These provisions establish a solid legal foundation for combating problems like hoof diseases in dairy cattle and contribute significantly to the sustainabledevelopment ofthe livestock sector. Disease Detection and Registration. One of the most critical stages in the effective management of economically significant diseases such as hoof disorders is their timely detection and registration. Veterinary legislation mandates the i