ISSUES OF EQUIVALENCE OF TERMS

Аннотация

This article deals with questions of equivalent and non-equivalent lexicon in linguistics. In particular, the opinions expressed by linguists on this topical issue, the study of specific aspects of translatability have become important in the study of foreign languages. With bilingualism, it is impossible to come to the correct hulosa regarding the vocabulary wealth of this or that language. The reason is that naming a particular concept will depend on linguisticand extralinguisticfactors that affect thelanguage. Keywords: the concept of equivalence and non-equivalence lexicon, lacuna, realia,random lacuna ,transliteration . Annotatsiya Ushbu maqola tilshunoslikda ekvivalent va ekvivalentsiz leksika masalalarini ko’rib chiqadi. Jumladan, tilshunoslarning bu dolzarb masala yuzasidan bildirgan fikrlari, tarjimashunoslikka oid o’ziga xos jihatlarini tadqiq etish xorijiy tillarini o’rganishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etib kelmoqda.Ikki tilni chog’ishtirish bilan uyoki butilning lug’at boyligi borasida to’g’ri hulosaga kelib bo’lmaydi.Sababi muayyan tushunchaga nom berish tilga ta’sir etadigan lingvistik va ekstralingvistikomillarga bog’liqbo’ladi. Kalit so’zlar: ekvivalentlik va ekvivalentsiz leksika tushunchasi,lakuna, realiya,tasodifiy lakunalar, Transliteratsiya . In linguistics, in recent years, in the process of integration with the countries of the world, the study of national-cultural characteristics of communication between people, universal linguistic features, and the specific aspects of verbal and non-verbal means in intercultural communication has become relevant in the study of foreign languages. In particular, the rapid development of science and technology has led to the introduction of many new concepts, words and expressions, and new terms related to translation studies from abroad into our lives. The concept of equivalent in linguistics was adopted in the 1960s as a concept related to French linguistics. This term was introduced into Russian translation studies in the mid-20th century by A.D. Schweizer and is considered a somewhat complex term. In translation studies, researchers have different views onthedegrees ofequivalence and non-equivalence. 1 For example, according to V.N. Komissarov, an equivalent is another speech unit that can perform the function performed by one speech unit. The concept of “equivalent”, the scientist writes, “reveals important features of translation and is one of the central concepts of modern translation studies. 2 However, the approaches to equivalence of V.Vinogradov, A.D. Schweizer, Ya.Resker, N.K.Garbovsky, A.O.Ivanov and other scientists differ slightly from each other. The theory of equivalence forms the basis for finding the most effective options for interlingual adaptation in the translation process and applying them to translation activities. The opposite of the relationship established between the source language and the target language is reflected in the equivalence relationship. Regarding equivalence, it should also be noted that if the current translation theory really emerged in themiddleof the20th century, then it is self-evident that its maincategory, “equivalence,”also emerged at thesametime. 563 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue06(2025) 3 The content of the concept embodied in the term “equivalence” requires determining the attitude of researchers working in different areas to it and also determining the relationship between another concept that is very close to the concept of equivalence in translation - the concepts of adequacy, reliability, accuracy, and precision. In Russian, the term equivalence, according to its lexical meaning, means something that is of equal value, equal meaning, equal power, and can completely replace one thing in relation to another. The ideas about equivalence in science are not homogeneous. In some cases, completely opposite ideas have arisen in this regard. For example, S. Vlakhov, by “equivalence”, meant complete similarity between the semantics, connotation, and phonetics of the corresponding units of two languages ​ ​ within theframework ofthe content, 4. While R. Levisky believes that the terms “equivalence” and “adequacy” can be used interchangeably. 5 . V.G. Kostomarov says that “adequate translation” should be understood as a full-fledged translation, and equivalence as the totality of equivalence units in terms of content. Linguists of the world have not only studied the field of equivalence, but also paid special attention to the study of the lexicon without equivalents in the language. There have been opposing views on this issue. Russian linguists Kostomarov.V., Bazylev.V.N. state that the lexical layer of a word without equivalents is defined as words that cannot be compared with any foreign language lexical concepts. 6. We can get words that