EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH OF CHILDREN OF EARLY AGE

Аннотация

This article analyzes effective methods for developing speech in early childhood. Speech plays a crucial role in a child's socialization, communication with the environment, and intellectual growth. Therefore, selecting methodological approaches that are appropriate for the child’s age, individual characteristics, and developmental stages is a pressing issue in preschool education. The article describes methods such as play-based activities, visual aids, musical and rhythmic exercises, and fairy tale therapy, highlighting their practical effectiveness. The importance of cooperation between parents and educators is emphasized, as well as the necessity of choosing methods that consider the child's emotional state. The conclusion states that the systematic use of these methods ensures the development of verbal activity, vocabulary expansion,andcommunication culture in children. Keywords: Formation of a child's speech, support for its active development, stages of speech development inearly childhood, scientific foundations and methodological approaches The first age (1-3 years) is an intensive stage in the formation of the child's oral speech, during which it is during this period that he begins to learn words, try to speak, communicate with the people around him. During this period, children learn speech not only through hearing, but also through movement, play, facial expressions and emotions. Therefore, educators and parents shoulduse special techniques during this period. 1. In order to support the formation and active development of the child's speech, it is necessary for the child to carry out language learning as an active participant, and not as a passive observer. Speech formation begins in the early days of a child's life and develops through imitation, hearing, vision,feeling, and communication. Supporting the formation and active development of a child's speech covers aspects such as speech preparation (sounds, facial expressions, emotional responses), speech reflexes (reaction, soundproduction), active speech (speech, expression). In the pedagogical approach, it is necessary to communicate with the child in a lively, natural, simple language, using movement and word-binding (for example: "come on, take!"), to respond towhat the child says, to involvehimintheconversation, so that they do. Vocabulary is the main foundation of a child's speech, which determines his thinking, access to communication and the level of understanding of the world. With age, the child's vocabulary increases in stages. 1 year old: ~10-20 words, 2 years old: 50-200 words, 3 years old: around 400-1000 words Ways of implementation to support theformation and active development ofChild speech: Showingpictures and saying thename: "apple ofthewind", "bird",”child"; Usingthe sameobjects in different contexts:"Apple isRed", " Appleis rolling”; 548 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue06(2025) Insert new words through a poem, afairy tale, a song, astory. At the first 0-3 years of age, the child's speech is formed at a rapid pace. According to experts, this period is divided into two main stages: the preparatory period (from birth to 1 year old) and the period of independent development of speech (2-3 years old). The life of a child under one year old in turn is divided into various sub – stages–for example, with periods from birth to 2.5- 3 months, 3-5 months, 6-9 months and 9-12 months. In this preparatory stage, the child begins to perform movements up to speech, such as screaming and making sounds (5-6 months), and then making words (9-12 months). In the second stage (1-3 years old), however, the child's vocabulary expands,he begins to form sentences of several words. At an early age, physical and brain development in children is also extremely active. For example, according to studies, the baby's brain grows twice at 7 months, triples at 1 year old, and at 2 years old has a weight close to that of adults – about 70%. And on the eve of the age of 3, the speech Center (brain Department) is radically matured and the main grammatical forms of the native language begin to take over. Therefore, experts note that special attention should be paid to speech education in the first 3 years – if during this time the child is not paid attentionto teaching thelanguage, then it takes a lotof effort andtimeto correct mistakes. Several effective pedagogical methods are used in the development of speech. Below are some ofthemain methods: Speech games Children's play is an important tool in speech development. In the game, children develop problem solving, queue waiting, and symbolic thinking skills that form the foundation of language skills. During games, the child gains “self” vocabulary, practices sentence structure, and improves communication skills. For example, by treating a baby a