NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN: CURRENT MANAGEMENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Аннотация

Pediatric nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a significant glomerular disorder marked by heavy proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia, predominantly affecting children aged 1-6 years. This paper reviews the current understanding of NS, emphasizing its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management strategies. Minimal Change Disease (MCD) is the leading cause, accounting for 70-90% of cases, with corticosteroids as the primary treatment, achieving remission in most cases. However, relapses and steroid resistance necessitate alternative therapies likecalcineurin inhibitorsand rituximab. Complications such as infections, thromboembolism, and growth retardation highlight the need for comprehensive care. Future perspectives include genetic testing, personalized medicine, and novel therapeutics to enhance outcomes and reduce steroid dependency. This review underscores the importance of ongoing research and global collaboration to refine treatment protocols and improve the quality of life for affected children. Keywords: nephrotic syndrome, pediatric, minimal change disease, corticosteroids, personalized medicine