FORMATION OF STUDENTS' AESTHETIC CULTURE BASED ON FOLK PRACTICAL ART MEANS

Аннотация

This article discusses the theoretical foundations and practical ways of forming aesthetic culture in students through the use of folk arts. It examines national values, the educational significance of art samples, types of folk arts and their role in the modern educational process. The possibilities of folk applied art in educating students in the spirit of artistic taste, aesthetic vision and awareness of national identity are also analyzed. The work substantiates methods for integrating elements of folk applied art into the educational process and thereby developing aesthetic culture. The proposed ideas may be methodologically useful for higher educational institutions. Keywords: Folk applied arts, aesthetic culture, student education, national values, art tools, artistic taste, pedagogy, national identity, educational process, cultural heritage. Formation of aesthetic culture, art, science, humanitarian knowledge, personality, language, pedagogical activity, applied arts, folk crafts, student, program. Introduction. In today's era of globalization, the formation of aesthetic culture in young people, education in the spirit of respect for national values is one of the urgent issues. In particular, folk applied art has rich opportunities in this regard. It is not just a model of art, but also a cultural heritage that embodies the worldview, values, and aesthetic ideals of the people. In this regard, in the 21st century there is a tendency for the scientific and artistic-aesthetic forms of studying the world to converge. Aesthetic ideas belong to both the humanities and the natural sciences. They include the scientist's assessment of social life, discoveries, theories, hypotheses, and the laws of aesthetics. The criterion of beauty is an important indicator of the novelty and originality of scientific research. In the current conditions, it is relevant to form the main components of aesthetic culture among students of technological specialties, which is the main property of a person, allowing him to fully communicate with beauty and actively participate in its creation. Folk art is a set of products created primarily based on vital needs, serving a purpose, and at the same time embodying artistic decoration and aesthetic beauty. For example, such art forms as embroidery, pottery, and woodcarving not only shaped the tastes of the people, but also served as a means of 19 INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference transmitting aesthetic standards from generation to generation. Teaching students about these art forms not only increases their interest in national art, but also develops their artistic thinking. This process is effectively carried out through practical exercises, trips to museums, and meetings with teachers. Analysis of literature on the topic. Aesthetic culture contributes to the emotional and imaginative perception of reality, which provides a value-based attitude to the world around us. In studies conducted by N.A. Dmitrieva, T.I. Kostina, K.V. Kulaev proved that aesthetic culture contributes to the formation of a social position based on humanistic values, and harmonizes the emotional and communicative sphere of the individual. In addition, aesthetic culture increases the value of professional activity by optimizing the entire process of training future specialists, aligning their needs with social values and ideals, and mobilizing internal resources, therefore ensuring personal self-realization is of great importance. The problem of the formation of the aesthetic culture of the individual was considered within the framework of the philosophical, cultural and pedagogical theories of Yu.B. Babansky. A.I. Burova, M.S. Kagana, B.T. Likhacheva, B.M. Nemensky, A.A. Oganova, A.B. Shcherbolar, whose literatures cover in detail the psychological substantiation of the components of the concept of “Aesthetic Culture” (aesthetic perception, aesthetic attitude, aesthetic feeling, aesthetic ideal, aesthetic need, aesthetic activity), A.I. Demchenko, V.P. Zinchenko, N.B. Krylova, B.M. Teplova, these scientists call aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic activity the main components of the structure of the aesthetic culture of the individual. Research E.V. Kosharskaya found that the aesthetic culture of a person is the sum of aesthetic consciousness, which includes aesthetic perception, aesthetic feeling, aesthetic appreciation, and ensures the formation of aesthetic needs and the development of aesthetic abilities in aesthetic judgments, aesthetic taste, aesthetic ideal and aesthetic activity, perception and creation of aesthetic values. [1 p. 11]. U.F. Suna devoted part of his research to the consideration of the aesthetic culture of young students. The scientist noted that "the aesthetic culture of a particular student has its own characteristics and in this sense represents a purely individual education, which is associated with the intellectual and emotional development of