ABOUT LANDSCAPE DESIGN

Аннотация

This article discusses landscape design and its types. Keywords: landscape, design, art, architecture, drawing, project, painting. Design (English: design — "project", "drawing", "painting") — a term that describes the types of design activities aimed at forming the aesthetic and functional qualities of the environment of objects. The scope of design activities includes a wide range of consumer goods, machines, machines, clothing, advertising and packaging materials, including, furnishing public and residential buildings, furniture, etc. Design emerged at the beginning of the 20th century and took shape in the 1930s as a special type of activity in Western Europe and the USA. Since the second half of the 1980s, the scope of design activities has expanded. Designers rely on scientific disciplines (for example, materials science, color science, etc.) along with artistic intuition, including processes and conditions, sociology, and other knowledge. Design specialists are trained at specialized higher education institutions. In particular, the Kamoliddin Behzod National Institute of Art and Design trains specialists in interior and industrial graphics, and clothing design. Design thinking is an innovative process of problem-solving based on a set of skills. The approach has been around for decades, but it only began to gain traction outside the design community after a 2008 Harvard Business Review article by Tim Brown, CEO and president of design firm IDEO. At a high level, the steps involved in the design thinking process are simple: first, fully understanding the problem; second, exploring a wide range of possible solutions; third, iterating extensively through prototyping and testing; and finally, through conventional deployment mechanisms. The skills associated with these steps help people creatively solve real-world problems more effectively than they would otherwise. They can be learned easily, but they take effort. For example, it is important to set aside your own assumptions when trying to understand a problem. Once learned, this method can even be applied to everyday life problems. “Landscape” is a German word, meaning land - land, schaft - landscape. A landscape is a natural territorial complex that is distinguished by its territorial integrity, unity of origin, geological structure, relief, climate, soils, and uniformity of flora and fauna. • For example, sandy, clayey, barren, saline landscapes in the Red Sands, pastures, forests, and valley landscapes in the mountains are among them. Currently, the concept of landscape is used in geography in a broad and narrow sense. • In a broad sense, landscape is understood as a natural territorial complex. For example, taiga zone, swamp, desert, etc. • In a narrow sense, landscape is a place on the earth's surface that is distinguished by its natural boundaries. Landscape and its structure: Landscapes are divided into natural and anthropogenic landscapes. A natural landscape is a landscape that has been formed or is being formed solely under the influence of natural factors. It includes areas that have not been affected by human activity. For example, nature reserves, mountains, rivers 291 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 7 According to statistics, there are currently about 3 trillion trees in the world. However, every minute, an amount equal to 27 football fields is cut down. According to statistics, forests occupy about a third of the land. This is 4.06 billion hectares. At the same time, more than half of all forests (54 percent) are located in five countries of the world. These are Russia (815 million hectares), Brazil (497 million hectares), Canada (347 million hectares), the USA (310 million hectares) and China (220 million hectares). “Africa is the continent with the highest rate of forest loss. The reduction of forest cover on this continent amounted to 4.0 million hectares per year in 2010-2022. Next in line is South America with an indicator of 2.6 million hectares per year.” Anthropogenic landscape is a landscape that has been and is being formed under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. This includes landscapes that have arisen under the influence of human activity. These landscapes are formed under the influence of human economic activity, but retain their natural characteristics and are subject to the laws of nature. Anthropogenic landscapes are divided into the following types: agricultural or agrolandscapes (croplands, gardens, pastures); water or hydrogeological landscapes (canals, ponds, reservoirs); urban or seliteb landscapes (cities, villages); industrial landscapes (factories,) Landscapes are composed of place, area and facies, the smallest unit of which is facies. Facies is the smallest natural territorial complex with the same rocks, relief, soil, moisture, microclimate, flora and fauna. For example, the shale facies, the shale facies, the stony shale facies, the clayey shale facies. Area is a nat