MELIORATIVE STATUS OF IRRIGATED SOILS AND WAYS TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY

Аннотация

Қарши дашти шароитида энг долзарб муаммолардан бири тупроқ мелиорациясини яхшилаш, иккиламчи шўрланишни олдини олиш, шўрланишга қарши курашиш, тупроқнинг балл бонитетини яхшилаш, экологик ҳолатини талаб даражасида сақлаш. Калит сўзлар: суғориш, сингиш, тупроқ, унумдорлик, туз, дехкончилик, агротехник, шўрланиш,сув,сизоб,гектар,минераллаш. Аннотация:В условях Каршинской степи один из основных проблем является улучщить мелиоративное состояние почв, предотвратит вторичное засоление почв, принимать меры борьбы против засоление, улучщить бонитета почв и охрана естественное экологического состояния природы. Ключевые слова: орошение, поглощение, почва, плодородие, соль, земледелие, агротехника,засоление,вода,просачивание,гектары,минерализация. Annotation:One of the most urgent problems in the conditions of the resistance is the improvement of soil reclamation, prevention of secondary salinization, combating salinization, improvement ofsoil fertility, and maintaining theecological stateofthedemand. Key words: irrigation, absorption, soil, fertility, salt, farming, agrotechnics, salinity, water, seepage, hectares, mineralization. Assessment of the melioration status of irrigated soils in the Karshi steppe conditions, the formation of undesirable secondary salinization processes during their use, and the composition and characteristics of measures necessary to eliminate these factors depend on the analysis of natural factors. Disruption of agrotechnical processes Irrigation has a significant impact on soil properties, as it increases soil moisture and brings dissolved salts into the water. Irrigation water penetrates the soil, changing the water regime, and secondary salinization occurs dueto improperuse ofirrigation water. One of the most important tasks facing agricultural workers is to improve soil condition, prevent secondary salinization, combat salinization, maintain soil fertility, its economicefficiency, ecological conditionat therequired level, and organizenatural protection. More than 45 percent of the 515.08 thousand hectares of irrigated agricultural land are salineto varying degrees, which indicates a 4percent decrease in saline areas compared to2012. In recent years, great attention has been paidto improvingthe reclamation condition of irrigated page1367 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai agricultural lands in the region. In 2012, 66 hectares, in 2014 - 71 hectares, in 2014 - 71 hectares, in 2014 - 160 hectares, in 2014 - 140 hectares. As of 2018, it has covered 1020 hectares. In 2012, 194.05 thousand hectares, in 2014 - 222.37 thousand hectares, in 2016 - 203.98 thousand hectares, in 2018 - 203.13 thousand hectares оrganized. In 2012, the area of ​ ​ 3-5 meters above sea level was 320.92 thousand hectares, in 2014 - 292.24 thousand hectares, in 2016 - 309.95 thousand hectares. The indicator covers an area of ​ ​ 280.79 thousand hectares, and it is known that the water level in this valley ranges from 62.23 percent to54.52percent. In the analysis of mineral water levels in groundwater, the area of ​ ​ mineral water levels per 1literof water was 102.51hectares in 2012,102.62 hectares in 2014,102.62 hectares in 2016, 98.8 hectares in 2016. In 2018, the area was 100.85 hectares, which is 1.62 times more than in2012. During this period, the area with groundwater mineralization of 1-3 grams per liter also decreased from 134.32 thousand hectares to 121.16 thousand hectares, or from 26.05% to 23.52%, or 2.53%. The area with a groundwater mineralization level of more than 3.0 grams per liter was 278.83 hectares at the beginning of 2012, while by the end of 2018 this figure had increased to 293.07 hectares or from 54.07 percent to 56.90 percent, that is, by 2.93 percent overthis period. Table1 Changes in groundwater levels Sizob 2012 2014 2016 2018 waters a % a % a % a % surface. m thousand thousand thousand thousand to to to to 5 116,78 22,64 106,66 20,70 117,85 22,86 116,19 22,56 Total 515,66 100 515,35 100 515,44 100 515,08 100 Over the years, a decrease in the amount of salts in the area with a groundwater mineralization level of up to 3 grams per liter has been observed, while an increase in the area witha groundwater mineralization level ofmore than 3grams per literhas been observed. As a result, it was observed that the amount of harmful salts in the upper layers of the soil decreased, moderately and strongly saline areas became weakly saline, and weakly saline areas became non-saline (Table 2). Table2 Changes in thearea ofsaline aquifers with varying degrees ofsalinity Salts 2012 2014 201