THE EFFECT OF SOWING DATES AND RATES ON THE YIELD OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES

Аннотация

In this article, the effect of planting standards and timings on the productivity of spring soft wheat varieties in the conditions of gray soils in Karshi district of Kashkadarya region is highlighted. It was stated that when the grain yield obtained as a result of conducting the research was subjected to mathematical statistical processing, the reliability of the experimentwas very low. Key words: Spring wheat, variety, grain, term, norm, yield, least significant difference, experimentalerror, quintal,hectare. ANNOTATSIYA. Ushbu maqolada Qashqadaryo viloyatining Qarshi tumanidagi bо‘z tuproqlar sharoitida bahorgi yumshoq bug‘doy navlarining hosildorligiga ekish meyorlari va muddatlarining ta’siri ta’kidlangan. Tadqiqot olib borish natijasida olingan don hosiliga matematik statistik ishlov berilganda tajriba xatoligi juda past bо‘lganligi aniqlanganligi ifodalangan. Kalit sо‘zlar: Bahorgi bug‘doy, nav, don, muddat, meyor, hosildorlik, eng kichik muhim farq, tajribahatoligi, sentner, gektar. АННОТАЦИЯ. В данной статье рассматривается влияние критериев и сроков посева на урожайность сортов мягкой яровой пшеницы в условиях сероземов Каршинского района Кашкадарьинской области. Отмечено, чтопри математической статистической обработке урожая зерна, полученного в результате исследований, погрешность эксперимента оказалась весьма низкой. Ключевые слова: Яровая пшеница, сорт, зерно, период, критерий, урожайность, наименьшая существенная разница,ошибкаопыта,центнер,гектар. Relevance of thetopic. Currently, cereal crops are cultivated on 340million hectares of land worldwide, ofwhich 57.8million hectares, or17percent, are allocated to spring soft wheat. More than 90–100 million tons of wheat grain are exported annually on the global market, with spring wheat accounting for 10–15 percent of that volume.1 For this reason, it is considered a pressing issue to develop economically efficient agro-technological measures that improve both the yield and quality of spring wheat. This includes determining the effects of different sowing dates and seeding rates on crop productivity, as well as selecting fast-maturing varieties suited 1https://hozir/org/jahon-qishloq-xo`jaligiga-umumiy-tarif.html?page=2hozir.org page1355 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai tothespecific soilandclimaticconditions ofeachregion. At present, the agricultural sector of our republic is undergoing fundamental reforms. Special attention is being paid to the modernization and accelerated development of agriculture, the deepening of structural transformations, the continuous advancement of production, the strengthening of the country’s food security, and the expansion of environmentally clean product output. Furthermore, in the context of the rapid development of livestock farming, improving the cultivation techniques of forage crops like millet by establishing dedicated cultivationareas has become oneofthe priority tasks. This dissertation research is being carried out within the framework of the Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5742 dated February 17, 2019, “On Measures for the Efficient Use of Land and Water Resources in Agriculture,” and the Cabinet of Ministers ResolutionNo. 806dated September 24,2019, “On Additional Measures to Ensure High Yields through thePhased Introduction oftheClusterSystem in Cereal Cultivation.” To date, scientific research on obtaining high-quality and high-yield grain from spring soft wheat varieties on irrigated lands in the southern regions of Uzbekistan — specifically in Surkhandarya andKashkadarya provinces —has not been sufficiently conducted2. In many cases, our research is carried out by relying on the experiences of developed countries or based on studies from the 20th century. However, we rarely utilize the knowledge and practices of our own ancestors. The land on which we live has a long-standing agricultural tradition and is rich in experience. For example, the geographer Istakhri noted that in the 7th century, the regions around the cities of Yerqurgan and Shulluktepa (present-day Qarshi) on the right bank of Kashkadarya were considered fertile lands specialized in dryland farming, where various types ofcereals and other crops were cultivated [1]. In the Middle Ages, when natural disasters occurred in the region of Mawarannahr, a culture of cultivating cereals in late periods had developed. Specific agro-technological measures were introduced for short-term grain production, which enabled the population’s demand for bread andbakery products tobe met [2]. Based on the above information, it is appropriate to emphasize that it is indeed possible to grow cereals in the spring season under our soil and climate conditions. Therefore, in the southern region of our republic — specifically in the light sierozem soils of Kashkadarya provi