The development of medicine in the ancient East is one of the most important pages in the history of mankind. During this period, a lot of knowledge was accumulated about the foundations of medical science, the causes of diseases and methods of treatment. Ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China were distinguished by their medical practices. In the countries of the ancient East, medicine was closely connected not only with scientific knowledge, but also with religious beliefs and cultural traditions.

Аннотация

The development of medicine in the ancient East is one of the most important pages in the history of mankind. During this period, a lot of knowledge was accumulated about the foundations of medical science, the causes of diseases and methods of treatment. Ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China were distinguished by their medical practices. In the countries of the ancient East, medicine was closely connected not only with scientificknowledge, but alsowith religious beliefs and cultural traditions. Key words: history of medicine, diagnostics, treatment methods, natural medicines, mental and physical diseases, religious beliefs, humananatomy, medical practice. If we look at the history of irrigated agriculture, it has been known since the Neolithic era. Initially, the first centers of agricultural culture appeared in hot and dry countries, for page1207 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai example, in Mesopotamia, Central Asia, and Egypt, where rivers overflowed and flooded every year. After the water receded, crops planted in the mud that remained gave very good yields. This is how the primitive form of irrigated agriculture, motiga (shovel on a stick), arose. The construction of large irrigation canals began in slave society. In Mexico, another method of irrigation was used to bring the land closer to the water: the plant was grown in special pots (chinampa) filled with soil. The development and territorial organization of agriculture are strongly influenced by natural, economic, social, organizational and legal factors. These factors exert their influence on the basis of socio-economic laws and regulations, based on the natural conditions of each region. These natural and socio-economic factors have an (indirect) absolutely territorial character, and they also directly influence subsequent factors (ITT, production volume, level of productivity, etc.). Among these, the influence of natural or climatic factors is studied first of all. Because, first of all, natural factors have a strong influence on the development and territorial organization of agro-economic sectors. Natural factors (geology and lithology ofthe region, relief, climate, land and water resources, soiltypes, etc.) can affect the location and development of agricultural sectors and accelerate or slow down this process. The development of agriculture, especially irrigated agriculture, is mainly influenced byfour agroclimaticfactors. This can be expressed in theform ofaformula below. Ds/d= M (T+N+Y+I) Here: Ds/d- Farming orirrigated farming; M- labor; T-soil(land resources); N-moisture(water resources); Y-light; I-heat. Each of these natural components has its own place and specific characteristics in the formation of irrigated agriculture. Here, by soil we mean the upper fertile layer of the earth. An important aspect of soil for agriculture is its fertility, which is measured as a percentage and is assessed in terms of bonite (100 points). Dark gray soil, which has the highest average fertility in our country, contains up to 2.5 percent humus and is considered to be 100 bonite. In addition, there are other methods of calculating soil fertility depending on crop yields (yielding 40 centners ofcotton or10tons ofpotatoes from 1haof land, etc.). Technical factors also significantly influence the development of irrigated agriculture. This is a process mainly related to irrigation, and today there are several different irrigation methods, the importance of which in agriculture differs from each other. Surface irrigation. In this case, water is distributed over the surface of the paddy field in the form of a layer of a certain thickness. This irrigation can be carried out as follows: short-term flooding of the irrigated area; releasing water into these strips when crops are planted along the rows; irrigation along the paddy fields - long-term flooding when growing rice or washing the soil; irrigation by page1208 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai sending water from many wells. One of the most serious disadvantages of surface irrigation is the large amount of water consumed per unit of product produced. Subsurface irrigation. This type of irrigation is sometimes called the capillary method of irrigation, which is based on the fact that water is lifted from below to the roots of plants under the influence of capillary forces. In this case, the soil surface may remain dry. This method is a method of subsurface or subsurface irrigation. This method is very suitable for greenhouses and can be moved from one place to another. In subsurface irrigation, water is pumped from a depth of 40-45 cm underground. It is