GREEN TECHNOLOGIES AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY:GLOBAL TRENDS AND PROSPECTS

Аннотация

Thisscientific articlediscusses green technologies and sustainable development. Keywords: Green economy, green technologies, energy, natural resources, ecology, sustainability, climate. In Uzbekistan, one of the key programmatic initiatives aimed at ensuring sustainable development based on the principles of the green economy is the “Strategy for the Transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to a Green Economy for 2019–2030,” approved by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on October 4, 2019. Among the main objectives of the transition to a green economy are increasing energy efficiency in the economy and ensuring the rational consumption of natural resources. These targeted goals are expected to be achieved through technological modernization and thedevelopment offinancial mechanisms. During the implementation of the strategy through 2030, the specific greenhouse gas emissions per unit of gross domestic product are expected to decrease by 10% compared to 2010 levels. In addition, it is planned to ensure that 100% of the population and economic sectors have access to modern, affordable, and reliableelectricity. The useand production ofenvironmentally improved motorfuels and vehicles will beexpanded, and electrictransport will befurther developed. Green technologies are technologies designed to achieve ecological sustainability, efficient use of resources, waste reduction and recycling, and mitigation of climate change. These technologies are mainly focused on the use of renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, waste management, and reducing environmental footprints. Through green technologies, we can reduce our ecological footprint and move toward sustainable technologies byprotecting theenvironment. Pavingthe Wayto SustainableTechnologies through Green Technologies Green technologies are a key instrument in achieving sustainable technologies. Some of their mainareas ofapplication include thefollowing: 1. Renewable Energy Sources: Utilizing renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal energy, and biogas enables us to produce sustainable energy. These sources not only generateenergy from natural resources but also reduce environmental impact. 2. Energy Saving and Efficiency Improvement: Green technologies aim to enhance energy efficiency. They reduce energy consumption through the development of energy-efficient devices, efficient energy systems, and climate-adapted buildings. 3. Recycling and Waste Management: Green technologies focus on recycling and reducing waste. For instance, resources can be reused by recycling plastic waste, composting organicwaste, and processing industrial waste. 4. Water Resource Management: Green technologies help conserve water and improve its quality. For example, advanced irrigation systems and water recycling technologies allow for https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 550 theefficient useofwater resources. Green technologies are an essential tool for achieving sustainable technologies, serving to ensure environmental sustainability, conserve resources, and reduce waste. By developing green technologies, it is possible to protect the environment and promote social well-being. For the effective implementation of green technologies, it is necessary to create favorable political and economic conditions. Cooperation between governments, the private sector, and international organizations plays a crucial role in this process. Achieving sustainable technologies through green technologies not only addresses environmental issues but also contributes to solving economicand social problems. In Uzbekistan, the use and management of natural resources can be significantly improved. The efficiency of natural resource utilization in the country is much lower than that of the European Union and other middle-income countries. In particular, water usage in Uzbekistan remains highly inefficient. The country’s energy consumption per unit of GDP is nearly three times higher than the average in Europe and Central Asia, and twice as high as in neighboring Kazakhstan. At the same time, air pollution from urban and industrial sources—especially during windy, dusty, and stormy days—is exacerbating the drying of agricultural lands and increasing plant vulnerability to diseases. A large proportion of the population is regularly exposed to air considered hazardous to health, leading to a rise in illness and a noticeable decrease in the age of onset for related diseases. The loss of agricultural land due to salinization is becoming increasingly costly for theeconomy and iscaused byinterconnected environmental challenges. To redirect the global economy toward a model of sustainable economic, social, and environmental growth, the principles of the green economy must be integrated into ongoing structural reforms. Experts identify four main channels (and their respective impacts) through which the formation of a green economy and associated structural reforms ca