METHODS OF TRANSLATING THE PHRASE "CARESS" IN LITERARY TRANSLATION

Аннотация

This article analyzes the methods of translating affectionate expressions in literary translation. Affectionate expressions are an important linguistic unit that expresses the cultural and emotional layer of the language, and sensitive problems arise for the translator when translating them into another language. The article considers how affectionate expressions can be translated using various methods, preserving their artistic significance and semantic stability. Also, based on various examples, contextual and effective translation methods of affectionate expressionsare analyzed. Keywords: Literary translation, affectionate expressions, translation methods, linguistic units, culture, emotional expression, semanticstability, context. Introduction: The art of translation is not just the art of transferring words into a language, but also the art of recreating the artistic and cultural essence of the original text in the context of another language and culture. In literary translation, it is especially important to accurately and effectively translate the subtleties of linguistic devices, including expressions with emotional and cultural connotations, such as endearment expressions. Endearment expressions express subtle and specific aspects of language - such as feelings of affection, closeness, sincerity. Translating them word for word often leads to a loss of meaning and artistic power. Therefore, when translating endearment expressions, context, cultural image and language specificity should be taken into account. This article examines effective methods and approaches for translating endearment expressions in literary translation and analyzes their advantages and limitations usingpractical examples. Kh.Samigova emphasizes that affectionate expressions are an integral part of the cultural context, affectionateexpressions are not only alinguistic element of thelanguage, butalso itscultural and emotional layer. Therefore, it is very important to have a deep understanding of the cultural contextwhen translating them inliterary translation. According to her, affectionate expressions play an important role in creating the overall artistic image of the work and expressing the relationships between the characters. The translator should try topreserve theirartistic, aesthetic and emotionalcharacteristics. Kh.Samigova emphasizes the importance of choosing methods appropriate for each situation when translating affectionate expressions. Methods such as word-for-word translation, paraphrase, and finding acultural equivalent helpto improvethe qualityofthe translation. Emphasizing that translation is not just a lexical transfer, but a creative process, Kh.Samigova states that the translator's creativity and cultural knowledge are necessary for the effective expressionof affectionateexpressions in literary translation. Main part: Endearing expressions are linguistic units that express the subtle, emotional, and cultural layer of the language, and are mainly used to express feelings such as love, closeness, https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 431 and sincerity. In literary texts, they are used to further enliven images, more accurately convey the mental state of the characters, and evoke warm feelings in the reader. For example, in the Uzbek language, endearing words such as “jonim”, “dilbandim”, and “quvonchim” show the mutual relations of the characters as sincere and close. In literary translation, it is of great importance to express endearing expressions correctly and in sufficient content, because they form the artistic aesthetics and emotional impact of the work. There are several main difficulties intranslating endearing expressions: Differences in cultural context: Each language has its own endearing expressions, which are related to cultural traditions and customs. Therefore, a literal translation often does not leave the right impression onthereader. Semantic difference: The meaning of endearment expressions is often broad and context- dependent, and when translated into another language, they can becomeshort and harsh. Loss of artistic expression: Endearment expressions are an important element of a literary text with their elegance, tone and rhythm. The loss of these elements in translation reduces the overall impact of thework. Several methods are used to transfer endearment expressions in translation. They can be classified as follows: In this method, the exact equivalent of the endearment expression or word is searched for and translated. For example, the Uzbek word “jonim” can be translated into English as “my dear” or “my darling”. However, this method does not always work, because in each language endearment expressions havetheir own form ofexpression. Sometimes, because a term of endearment does not have a literal equivalent in another language, the translator will paraphrase it in context. For example, the word “jonim” can be paraphrased in English as “my treasure” or “my beloved.” T