IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF COTTONSEED HULL SEPARATION USING HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM

Аннотация

This article analyzes ways to improveefficiency in the process of processing cotton seeds, in particular, the advantages of the technology of nuclear separation from seed husks through the use of high vapor pressure. Compared to traditional mechanical methods, the method using vapor pressure allows separation without damage to the core, reduces energy consumption, and is considered environmentally friendly. The article also covers the importance of this technology for industry and economy, including the role of Uzbekistan in the modernization of thecotton industry. Keywords: seeds, cottonseed oil, High Vapor Pressure, Processing Technology, efficiency, core, shell,environmental safety, economicbenefit, Cottonof Uzbekistan. In cotton-growing countries, in particular in Uzbekistan, theprocess ofprocessing seeds is avery important technological stage. Because the seeds contain cottonseed oil, which is important for food and industry, it is located only in the core. To efficiently process the seed, it will be necessary to separate its core from the outer shell. However, this process is not simple, since the peel of the seed is hard and the core is fragile. During separation using traditional mechanical methods,the core of theseed is often damaged orcompletely crushed. As a result, the level of oil intakedecreases, waste increases, and theoverall production efficiency decreases. Therefore, in recent years, modern technologies based on the use of high-pressure steam have been introduced. In this way, the pollen is exposed to high-temperature steam, which softens its shell, increasing the natural separation between the nucleus and the Shell through internal pressure. Under the influence of heat, microcracks appear in the Shell, and the core is released without damage. Such an approach will not only increase the quality and quantity of products, but also serve energy efficiency. Separation of the pollen using high-pressure steam is also environmentally beneficial, as the process reduces dust and waste and improves production conditions. With the widespread introduction of such technologies in Uzbekistan, it is possible to increase the value added in the cotton industry, increase the export of oil products and fully meet domesticdemand. At thesame time, thismethod plays an importantrole in themore efficient use https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 427 of cotton raw materials and in increasing economic efficiency. The seed is the seed that remains after the cotton is harvested, and it consists of two main parts: the core and the peel. The core is rich in oil and is considered an important raw material for thefood industry, whilethe Shellhas a solid structure and is used as an energy source or for other technical purposes. Since the total weight of the pollen is about 60% of cotton, its complete processing is of great economic importance. As a result of the processing of seeds, several useful products are obtained. First of all, cottonseed oil is extracted from the seed core. This oil is widely used in the food industry, for example in cooking, in the preparation of margarine, in canned goods and in the production of cosmetics. Cottonseed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and is recommended for a healthy diet. Once the oil has been isolated, the rest of the pollen, which is schroti, is taken. This mass is rich in protein and is used as feed in livestock. The Shrot is a high-quality feed for cattle, sheep, chickens and otheranimals, and has apositiveeffect onthe growth and productivity ofanimals. The outer part of the pollen — shell, on the other hand, is used as fuel or used in energy production through biomass, as it contains lignin. The shell is also used in some cases for fertilizer preparation, production of building materials or technical purposes. The complete and high-quality processing of seeds not only supplies raw materials to various industries, but also brings great benefits to theeconomy. Through this process, the scale offood production expands, an inexpensive and high-quality source of feed for livestock is created, energy is extracted from recycled waste and environmental sustainability is ensured. At the same time, the technologies used in the processing of seeds make it possible to develop local industry, create new jobs and increase export potential. For this reason, the processing of seeds is ofstrategic importance today forcotton-producing countries, including Uzbekistan. Although the technology of separating the seeds from the bark using traditional mechanical methods has been used for many years, it has many problems. First of all, in this method, the seed core is often damaged. This condition reduces the efficiency of fat separation, since more and better quality fat can be obtained from the entire and healthy core. And from damaged nuclei, theamount offat intakeisreduced, which reduces theproduction income. In addition, mechanical methods require a lot of energy. This high