LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STABLE COMPOUNDS BASED ON ORNITHONYMS

Аннотация

The language of people preserves and transmits invaluable information about its history, culture and everyday life from generation to generation. In addition, through language, people convey to subsequent generations their accumulated experience over centuries. Over time, everything might be destroyed- cities, buildings and other objects of material culture, but information about them is constantly preserved in the language. In the implementation of this function of the language, such units as phraseological units, proverbs and sayings play a significant role. That is why the comparative study of phraseology and of unrelated languages remains one of the most relevant areas of modern linguistics. Ornithonyms, which are present in phraseological units, are usually considered symbolic. In Merriam Webster's online dictionary, this term is defined as follows - something that stands for or suggests something else by reason of relationship, association, convention, or accidental resemblance; especially: an invisible sign of something invisible. As can be seen from the definition, the authors of the dictionary distinguish associations and similarities between objects as the basis for the existence of a symbol. Also, the Russian linguist V.P. Zhukov considers the basis for using a linguistic sign in a symbolic sense to be "stable semantic associations". Выпуск журнала №-22 Часть–4_ Март –2025 337 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT People have always been inspired by the ability of birds to fly in the sky, they have attracted human attention. As winged creatures, celestial beings, birds primarily symbolize the blue sky and everything connected with it: ascension, separation from the earth, flight, sun, wind, clouds, freedom, life, inspiration, prophetic gift, etc. Being celestial, and therefore beings close to the gods, birds symbolize the human soul. The Slavic peoples gave birds a generally accepted artistic and poetic image, depicting wind, clouds, lightning, and light. The names of various birds also represented celestial thunder and storms. In the Karakalpak language, birds are used as an example of goodness in proverbs and sayings. For example: a bird knows the language of a bird - the law of life is that the "language" of each profession, that is, its state, secrets, inner experiences, shortcomings, are known better than others by the owners of that profession. A bird does what it sees in its nest - how children grow and mature, how their character is formed directly depends on how parents raise them, how parents behave in front of them, set an example, and whether they have a positive or negative influence. How many colorful birds fly from one nest - children with different upbringings can grow up in one family. To bend one's wing - to cause physical or moral harm, to hinder their movement and activity. To keep under one's wing - to patronize, to continue to protect. The materials of our study were phraseological units in proverbs and sayings in the Karakalpak and English languages with an ornithonym component. The most commonly used components in such linguistic units are the following ornithonyms: in English chicken (shóje), cock (qoraz), hen (tawıq), duck (úyrek), goose (ǵaz), crow (ǵarǵa), turkey (túyetawıq), swallow (qarlıǵash), pigeon (kepter), owl (bayqus), hawk (lashın) and others, in Karakalpak: tawıq (hen), ǵaz (goose), ǵarǵa (crow), qoraz (cock), shımshıq (sparrow), búlbúl (nightingale), bayqus (owl). Undoubtedly, most of the ornithonyms that we often use in our speech are the names of domestic animals and birds that live near human habitation. Therefore, people have had the opportunity to observe their behavior, actions, and nature, and have accumulated a wealth of Выпуск журнала №-22 Часть–4_ Март –2025 338 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT knowledge about their actions and behavior, which they have become accustomed to using to describe the character, morality, and culture of the people around them. In ancient Egypt, ducks (ǵazlar) were the subject of "fine art" in 1500 BC. Many subjects in the field of fine art, including in Eastern art, refer to a certain alluring meaning of the image of a duck. So, in ancient Greek art, the god of love Eros or a girl was depicted with a duck. But as for phraseological units in English and Karakalpak, they often focus on the external features and behavior of this bird. Moreover, these phraseological units have a negative meaning. For example, in some dialects of the Karakalpak language, there are proverbs that say duck is greedy: the stable combination with the ornithonym component "to eat like a duck" (ǵazday jew) is used for greedy people. In Turkic languages, duck is also expressed as a lazy, empty-mouthed person in relation to people who talk a lot and gossip: a duck that cannot keep a secret (a person who does not know how to keep a secret); also, "what is the duck's sorrow if the world is flooded" in the Karakalpak language represents a carefree, happy-go-l