SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF POPULATION MIGRATION

Аннотация

The article is devoted to the analysis of data on population migration - the movement of people (migrants) across the borders of a territory (country, region, district, etc.), associated with a change in place of residence (stay), internal migration - intrastate migration - the process of population movement within the country, and external migration or international migration - territorial movement of population between different countries. Keywords: migrant, migration, population migration, internal migration, external migration. Population migration data is an integral part of national demographic statistics. Population migration affects the dynamics of the population size, alters its demographic characteristics, and changes its national composition. Population migration is the movement of people (migrants) across the borders of a territory (country, region, district, etc.) associated with a change in place of residence (stay). Every movement related to migration expresses two events: departure - the area (departure region) the migrant leaves, and arrival - the area (arrival region) where they arrive. People’s territorial movement can occur both within a country and between countries. Therefore, migration is divided into interstate and intrastate. The former is usually called external (international) migration, and the latter is internal migration. To describe the volume of migration during a specific period (usually one year), data on the absolute number of arrivals and departures is used. The difference between them for a specific territory during a specific period indicates the migration increase of the population. Выпуск журнала №-23 Часть–1_ Март –2025 57 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT In many Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries, the formation of current records related to migration associated with a change of permanent residence is carried out by processing statistics on arrivals and departures obtained from the internal affairs bodies (forms) at the time of registration and deregistration (at the place of residence). Based on the same principle, migration flows between countries are statistically monitored in most CIS states. In Armenia and Moldova, migration data is taken from the population registers by statistical authorities. Here we will place a link to the annex - a table prepared for the meeting in Chișinău. The statistical registration form for departure (departure) typically includes the following details about the migrant: date and place of birth, gender, nationality, place of residence (registered address), origin, when they arrived, how long they have been living in the place, purpose of arrival, workplace, marital status, whether they arrived with a spouse, and information about children aged 16 (15, 14) or younger traveling with adults. The concept of migrant numbers involves a certain conditionality, as one person may change their place of residence multiple times within a year. The number of arrivals refers to the absolute number of persons who have entered a specific territory from outside of it. The number of departures refers to the absolute number of persons who have left a specific territory for beyond its borders. Statistical data processing on migration allows for the collection of information on migrants grouped by territorial and various socio-demographic characteristics (such as gender, age, ethnicity, marital status, education level, etc.). Migration growth (migration balance) is the difference between the number of people who arrived in a certain region and the number of people who left it during a specific period. Migration growth can be positive (if the number of arrivals exceeds the number of departures) or negative (if the number of arrivals is less than the number of departures). Выпуск журнала №-23 Часть–1_ Март –2025 58 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Internal migration refers to the movement of people within a country. These migrations do not cross the country's borders. Citizens of a specific country participate in internal migration. Internal migration affects the territorial distribution of the population within the country without influencing the total population size. External migration or international migration refers to the territorial movement of the population between different countries. An international migrant is any person who changes their permanent place of residence. For external migration, the terms "emigration" and "immigration" are used. Emigrant number refers to the absolute number of people who leave the country for permanent or temporary residence in another country. Immigrant number refers to the absolute number of people who enter the country for permanent or temporary residence. The classification of a person as an emigrant or immigrant is carried out according to the legislation of each country (based on time, purpose of departure/arrival, and other factors). Typically, the number of emigrants includes those who have