PRESERVING THE HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT OF ANCIENT CITIES WHILE CREATING A COMFORTABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Аннотация

The article emphasizes the importance of creating a comfortable urban environment as a priority in the development of megacities. The impact of living environment quality on health, psychological state, and the formation of human capital is noted. The author emphasizes the need to combine modern architectural solutions with the historical appearance of the city. In the context of urbanization, the threat of cultural heritage loss persists, therefore, the importance of preserving the historical and cultural environment as an element of national identityanda resource forthedevelopment oftourism and theeconomy isemphasized.. Keywords: Comfortable environment, metropolis, living environment, human capital, architectural solution, city appearance, cultural heritage, historical and cultural environment, national identity, resource, tourism,economy. Modern megacities face a number of challenges related to urbanization and the preservation of historical and cultural heritage. The rapid development of infrastructure and the construction of new facilities sometimes threatens the destruction of historical monuments and the traditional appearance of cities. In this regard, integrating historical heritage into modern urban projects is becoming an important task. One of the key roles in this process is played by universities, which are scientific and educational centers that not only train specialists but also actively participate in developing strategies for preserving the historical environment and harmoniously interacting traditionswith modernity. Universities perform several key functions in preserving the historical heritage of ancient cities. This is not only training specialists, but also conducting fundamental research, participating in the design, restoration, and adaptation of historical sites, as well as educational activities among local residents and thegeneral public. Creating a comfortable and favorable environment for people to live in cities is one of the main directions in the development of modern megacities. The quality of the living environment is of great importance for health and life expectancy. Universities train qualified personnel capable of working in the field of preserving and adapting historical heritage. The most important disciplines include the history of architecture, archaeology, cultural studies, and restoration. The programs teach students not only the technical aspects of working with historical objects but also form a deep understanding of the cultural value of the historical environment. Education in this field contributes to the formation of a new generation of architects and urban planners capable of integrating ancient elements into modern projects. In this context, the experience of universities, such as the University of Barcelona, which actively develops courses on preserving the cultural heritage of people, their psychological state, as well as conditions for the upbringing and development of the individual, is important. Ultimately, this affects the growth of human capital, which is an important resource forthedevelopment ofthecity [1]. Building a new house is not a difficult task, especially considering the availability of modern construction technologies and materials. However, to build a beautiful house that combines with ahistorical appearance, moreeffort and special knowledge are required [2]. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 385 In the context of rapid urbanization, new objects appear in ancient cities, industry develops, modern high-rise buildings are constructed - all of this can lead to the destruction of historical structures and the loss of cultural heritage. Therefore, today the issue of preserving historical construction as a spiritual and material value, allowing for the preservation of the traditional historical and cultural environment, isparticularly relevant [3]. Historical and cultural heritage is not just thepast, but an important resource for the development of culture and the country in the future. In this regard, preserving heritage has become one of the priorities of modern Uzbekistan's cultural policy. Under the personal leadership of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, problems requiring unwavering and high- quality solutions have been identified [4]. Preserving historical buildings fulfills several social functions. Firstly, it is the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage, which is part of national identity. Its transmission to future generations allows for the preservation of cultural continuity, as well as strengthening the position of national culture in the context of world civilization[5]. Secondly, preserving historical buildings contributes to the development of tourism. Tourists prefer to visit cities with well-preserved historical sites. This stimulates the development of the tourismindustry, thelocal economy, and the creationof newjobs [6]. Creating a comfortable urban environment