ATROF-MUHITGA YETKAZILGAN ZARARNI BAHOLASH VA KOMPENSATSIYA QILISH: XALQARO HUQUQIY ASOSLAR VA MUAMMOLAR

Аннотация

Ushbu maqolada atrof-muhitga yetkazilgan zararni baholash va kompensatsiya qilishning xalqaro huquqiy asoslari hamda ushbu sohadagi asosiy muammolar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda atrof-muhitga yetkazilgan ekologik zararning turli shakllari, ularni baholash metodologiyasi va kompensatsiya mexanizmlarining hozirgi holati ko‘rib chiqilgan. Xalqaro sud amaliyoti tahlili asosida zamonaviy xalqaro huquqda mavjud bo‘lgan kamchiliklar va ularni bartaraf etishning mumkin bo‘lgan yo‘llari aniqlangan. Maqolada davlatlarning atrof-muhit sohasidagi javobgarligi, “ifloslantiruvchi to‘laydi” prinsipi va kompensatsiya fondlarining ahamiyati alohida ta’kidlangan. Kalit so‘zlar: atrof-muhit zararini baholash, ekologik kompensatsiya, transchegaraviy zarar, xalqaro atrof-muhit huquqi, davlatlar javobgarligi va “ifloslantiruvchi to‘laydi” prinsipi. ANNOTATION This article analyzes the international legal foundations for assessing and compensating environmental damage, as well as the main problems in this field. The research examines various forms of transboundary ecological damage, methodologies for their assessment, and the current state of compensation mechanisms. Based on the analysis of international judicial practice, existing shortcomings in modern international law and possible ways to eliminate them are identified. The article particularly emphasizes state responsibility in environmental matters, the “polluter pays” principle, and the importance of compensation funds. Keywords: environmental damage assessment, ecological compensation, transboundary damage, international environmental law, state responsibility and the “polluter pays” principle.