RESEARCH ON VOLUMETRIC-MODULAR RAPIDLY DEPLOYABLE HOUSING TECHNOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW OF MODERN ACHIEVEMENTS, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPECTS

Аннотация

This article provides a comprehensive review of current research on volumetric- modular rapidly deployable housing technology, mainly referencing publications from ResearchGate. With rising demands for efficiency, speed, and sustainability, volumetric-modular construction (VMC) presents notable advantages compared to conventional methods. Key benefits include a construction time reduction of up to 50%, an economic efficiency improvement of 20%, and better quality due to as much as 80% of work being conducted in controlled factory settings. Innovations such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are transforming design and logistics, alongside advanced materials like Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) and aerogels. However, despite its significant potential, VMC encounters systemic challenges, particularly substantial gaps in regulatory frameworks (especially concerning high-rise buildings), major transportation constraints related to module dimensions and weight, and a lack of qualified workforce. Research also suggests that the thermal properties of materials like mineral wool may deteriorate under climatic conditions, affecting long-term energy efficiency. The study concludes that while VMC stands as a highly promising and adaptable option for various scenarios, its broader implementation relies on overcoming these regulatory, logistical, and human resource challenges through coordinated efforts across theindustry and ongoing scientificinquiry. 1.Introduction The contemporary construction industry faces increasing demands for efficiency, project speed, economic viability, quality, and sustainable development. In this context, rapidly deployable building technologies, particularly volumetric-modular construction, are gaining significant relevance.1. Global challenges, such as rapid urbanization and the need for swift housing provision in emergency situations, as well as construction in remote or extreme climatic conditions,underscore thestrategic importance ofmodularsolutions. Growing global demands, driven by rapid urban population growth and the imperative for swift responses to crises, not only stimulate but effectively dictate a shift towards industrialized and rapidly deployable construction methods. Traditional approaches, characterized by lengthy timelines and high resource intensity 2, prove inadequate to meet current requirements. Consequently, volumetric-modular homes are transforming from an alternative option into a strategic necessity for ensuring the sustainable development of the construction sector. This shift is driven not only by a pursuit of increased efficiency, but also by a fundamental adaptation to changing conditions and theneed to address basicsocietal needs. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 339 Modular construction has deep historical roots and has continuously adapted to evolving societal needs. A significant impetus to its development was provided during periods that required the rapid and efficient erection of numerous buildings, such as during World War II.1 In recent decades, advancements in construction technologies have focused on enhancing energy efficiency and achieving sustainable development, leading to a renewed interest in modular systems.4 The objective of this article is to systematize and analyze contemporary research in the field of volumetric-modular rapidly deployable housing technology, based on publications available on the ResearchGate platform. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to clarify the terminology and classification of volumetric-modular construction systems, identify key advantages, review innovative technologies and materials, analyze structural features and operational characteristics, and identify the main challenges and prospects for the further development ofthis technology. 2.Literature Review andMethodology 2.1.DefinitionandClassification of Volumetric-ModularRapidly DeployableBuildings Buildings constructed using volumetric block modules (VBMs) represent a type of rapidly deployable building system (RDBS).4 These systems are distinguished by minimal construction times, a high degree of factory readiness, technological efficiency of on-site work, and relatively low cost.3 However, existing literature exhibits some terminological ambiguity. Rapidly deployable buildings are sometimes erroneously equated with volumetric modular buildings, metal-framed buildings, orstructures erected using permanent formwork.4 Researchers identify several common types of RDBS, including frameless, framed (specifically, frame-monolithic), volumetric-block (modular or modular-block), core, and shell (frame-tent or frame-membrane) systems.4 The main structural schemes for VBM buildings include homogeneous block, block-panel, heterogeneous block, block-panel with staggered block arrangement, frame-block, as well as schemes utilizing suspended or non-load-bearing (hanging) blocks, and block-spiral systems