PRESERVATION AND MODERNIZATION OF HISTORIC URBAN AREAS

Аннотация

В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы сохранения исторических городских площадей, их значение как культурного наследия и модернизация в соответствии с современными урбанистическими требованиями. В процессе исследования проанализированы архитектурная, культурная и функциональная ценность исторических пространств, а также освещены принципы их развития в контексте современных процессов урбанизации. Кроме того, подчеркивается важность сохранения экологического, социального и эстетического баланса на исторических площадях на основе концепции устойчивого развития. В статье также приведены предложения и рекомендации, основанные на местноми зарубежном опыте. Ключевые слова: площадь, охраняемая территория, центральная площадь, исторические города, современное городское планирование, функциональный центр, исторические города,композиционнаягармония,улица,Главная площадь. TARIXIY SHAHARMAYDONLARINING SAQLANISHIVA MODERNIZATSIYASI Аnnotаtsiyа: Mazkur maqolada tarixiy shahar maydonlarining saqlanishi, ularning madaniy meros sifatidagi o‘rni va zamonaviy urbanistik talablar asosida modernizatsiya qilish masalalari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Tadqiqot davomida tarixiy makonlarning me’moriy, madaniy va funksional qiymati tahlil qilinib, ularni zamonaviy shaharlashuv jarayoniga uyg‘un holda rivojlantirish tamoyillari yoritiladi. Shuningdek, barqaror rivojlanish konsepsiyasi asosida tarixiy maydonlarda ekologik, ijtimoiy va estetik muvozanatni saqlab qolishning ahamiyati ta’kidlanadi. Maqolada mahalliyva xorijiy tajribalarga asoslangan taklif vatavsiyalarham bayon etilgan. Kаlit so'zlаr: Mаydon, muhofaza xududlar, mаrkаziy mаydon, tarixiy shaharlar, zаmonаviy https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 302 shаhаrsozlik, funksionаl mаrkаz, tаrixiy shаhаrlаr, kompozitsion uyg'unlik, ko'chа, bosh mаydon. Introduction. Historical city squares are central, historical, cultural, and socially significant public spaces of a city. These spaces are often surrounded by architectural monuments, bear witness to historical events, and have traditionally served as centers for communal gatherings, trade, religious, and administrative activities. Their importance lies in being carriers of urban memory and historical identity, as well as sources of tourism, economic activity, and urban value. In the process of reconstructing historical cities and their centers, a differentiated approach is necessary, taking into account the historical and cultural value of each area. This approach should not only vary from one city to another but also be planned with attention to differences in architectural heritage, levels of urban formation, and historical layering within different areas of thesamecity. In modern urban planning practices, thepreservation ofhistoricsquares and centers is carried out in stages, based on the regional significance of the area. First, historically valuable central areas are identified, and surrounding mixed zones -where historical and modern construction merge - areconsidered separately. In the reconstruction of centers of small and medium-sized historic towns, the following elements are essential: construction that harmonizes with historical monuments, territorial- functional zoning, the establishment of “orderly urban zoning,” and achieving sustainable urban development through the restoration of the historical environment. This process involves not only restoring architectural monuments but also revitalizing the surrounding social, economic, andcultural environment, integrating itwith modern urbanlife based onexistingresources. Materials and Methods. In Uzbekistan, landscape planning is part of the district planning scheme. HowevThe reconstruction or restoration of historic buildings and squares should renew them while preserving their original appearance. It must be based on legislation and legal frameworks, recommendations from international heritage organizations like UNESCO and ICOMOS, national and local laws on cultural heritage preservation, and be guided by research and documentation. This includes analyzing historical, cultural, and architectural value through archival materials, old maps, and photographs. Modernization principles involve preserving the historical environment while adapting it to the demands of modern life. Key approaches include: Adaptive reuse: giving old buildings and squares new functions, Landscape integration: harmonizing new constructions with the environment, Use of smart technologies, Lighting, information panels, security systems, accessibilityfor disabledpeople, Designing modern transport and pedestrian pathways. Since the industrial era, the development of cities has gradually moved away from traditional practices and local needs, becoming increasingly influenced by professionals - urban planners, engineers, and transportation designers. In this shift, architectural traditions were replaced by theories, concepts, and ideological approaches. One example is modernist urban planning, which e