COTTON INSECTS

Аннотация

This article discusses the biological characteristics, development cycle, and impact of the main sucking pests of cotton - thrips, aphids, mites , and other insects - on cotton yields. It also discusses effective methods of combating these pests, including the role and importance of agrotechnical, biological , and chemical measures. The article emphasizes the relevance of monitoring cotton fields, controlling pest populations , and applying integrated pest control measures. Key phrases: Cotton sucking pests, Thrips (Thrips tabaci), Cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii), Mites (Tetranychus urticae), Pest biology, Integrated pest management methods, Biological control agents, Monitoring and forecasting, Environmentally safe protection, Negative impact on productivity. Several types of sucking pests damage potatoes: spider mites, plant sap suckers, aphids, and thrips. The spider mite is a common and persistent pest of potatoes and other crops. It is an omnivorous pest that sucks sap from potatoes, vegetables and cereals, legumes, and other crops, causing great damage tothem. In addition, cotton is damaged by several types of pests. The most important of their operations are tobacco processing, cotton processing, and sugarcane processing. The dynamics of the development and damage of these pests in the Kew Gardens have changed dramatically. In general, each type of trier has its own time to cause damage. For this reason, it is necessary to fight them in a timely manner .[2] 1.Species –Spidermite –(Tetranushusurtisae Kosh.) (Family –Mites –Acaridae. (Family –Mites –Acarina.) The male spider mite is 0.2-0.3 mm long, the female is 0.4-0.6 mm long. It is reddish in early spring and blue-yellow in summer. The development of the spider mite consists of egg, larva, nymph ,and adult stages. The caterpillar has three pairs of legs, the nymph and adult have four pairs of legs. The spider has 26hairs in 7rows onits back. Spider mites, larvae, nymphs ,and adults, suck plant sap and damage plants. They often settle in largenumbers ontheback oftheleaf, causing damage(Figure 1). https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 252 The body length of the red female is Two-spotted spidermite ~0.5mm. Figure 1.​ Spider mite.[3] Spider mite​ accent​ ​ plant​ ​ remains and soil in the cracks It hibernates . It emerges from hibernation when the average temperature reaches + 7 ο C, that is, in March. The overall development period lasts from 8to 30days, depending onweather conditions. In Central Asia, thespidermiteproduces 12-20generations. 2. Species - Tobacco thrips - (Thrips tabaci Lind.) ( Family - Thripidae. Order – Thrips – Thysanoptera.) The tobacco thrips are 0.8-0.9 mm long. The body is oblong, the female is longer than the male, andhas two pairs of narrow wings. The mouthpartsare adapted toa piercing-sucking type. Tobacco thrips develop through larval and adult stages. Tobacco thrips overwinter under plant debris. From March, thrips begin to develop in weeds, and later move to cotton. Each female lays up to 100 eggs in plant tissue. Tobacco thrips produce 7-8 generations in Uzbekistan (Figure 2). Figure 2.Life cycle oftobacco thrips (Trips tabaci) .[ 4] 3. Species – Large cotton aphid – (Acyrthosiphon gossypii Mordy.) (Family – Aphids – Aphididae. Order –Hemiptera.) The cotton aphid is a winged or wingless insect of the aphid family. Its body length is 3.5-4.0 mm. The winged and wingless live-bearing females are light green or yellow in color, with red eyes. The aphid-excreting tubes and tail are thin, about half the body length. The egg- laying female is yellow-brown in color. During the year , it produces several parthenogenetic (unfertilized) and one sexual generation (fertilized). Its eggs overwinter in cotton buds and in the buds(Figure 3). Figure 3. The body length of an adult cotton bollworm (Acyrthosiphon gossypii) is 2.5 -3.8 mm[5]. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 253 It attacks cotton seedlings with the appearance of the second leaf. In July and early August, the number of large cotton bollworms per bush reaches 100-200, then decreases slightly, and by autumn their number increases again. Large cotton bollworms are the most dangerous pest of cotton. They spread not only on the leaves, but also occupy the stem and pre-flowering part; this causes the shedding of the fruiting organs. In autumn, the technological quality of cottonfibers contaminated withlouse feces is impaired. Control methods: When the number of insects reaches 150-250 per 100 plants, spray organophosphorus preparations that act internally. 4. Type – Acacia louse – (Aphis craccivora Koch.) ( Family – Aphididae. Order – Hemiptera.) Thefemale acacia aphid, which gives birthto liveyoung, is 1.3-2.2 mm long. The bodyis black. The male differs from the female in that it has wings. This aphid ( like the alfalfa aphid) overwinters as an egg on alfalfa or acacia. It emerges from hibernation in March. This aphid also damages cotton by suckin