WORKING WITH BLIND CHILDREN

Аннотация

This article provides instructions on the methods of working with blind children, correctional activities carried out with them, and the introduction of visually impaired children intoinclusiveeducation. Keywords: Teflopedagogy, psychological, pedagogical clinical, physiologic, correction, compensation, cataract toxoplasma, rubella, emperional keratitis,total blindness. Perception of the world with the help of visual analyzers is of great importance in the mental development of a child. The strongest impressions of the surrounding environment are perceived with the eyes. Through the ability to see, a child can make appropriate actions to determine the distance from near tofar. Teflopedagogy is derived from theGreek word typhlos, meaning blind. Teflopedagogy, as a science, solves the following main problems. Psychological, pedagogical and clinical study of people with severe visual impairments. Identification of anomalies of mental and physical development and typology of visual function disorders. Ways and conditions for compensation, correction and restoration of impaired and incompletely developed functions in vision and blindness. Study of the conditions for the formation and comprehensive development of a person's visual functions in the presence of various disorders. Teaching the basics of science. Polytechnic labor and professional training. To determine the types of blind and visually impaired people in special institutions for education and upbringing. To develop the scientific basis for the creation of curricula, programs, textbooks, and special methodologies. To create special technical means that will allow expanding the knowledge opportunities of people with visual impairments, increasing the effectiveness of their education and training for work in society. To develop a system of hygienic measures for the protection and development of incompletevision. The child develops together with the social and external environment. Visual perception. The child develops after birth. Vision is a physiological process. It allows a person to determine the shape, color, and distance of objects in the external environment. Normal children acquire the ability to stare at something by the end of the first month of their life. At the age of 3 months, they can distinguish primary colors and shapes when looking closely at objects in front of them. The thinking of blind children follows the same developmental patterns as normal children. However, these patterns are distinguished by their slowness, narrowness, and lack of depth. In children with visual impairments, movement is impaired, the child cannot control his gaze. This characteristic defect is systematically corrected in various exercises. Psychological, pedagogical, and clinical studies of people with severe visual impairments are aimed at identifying anomalies of mental and physical development and typologies of visual function disorders. Ways and conditions for compensation, correction and restoration of impaired and underdeveloped functions in vision and blindness. Study of the conditions for the formation and comprehensive development of a person's visual functions in the presence of various disorders. Teaching the basics of science. Polytechnic labor and professional training. Determining the goals of special https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 18 institutions for the education and upbringing of the blind and visually impaired. Developing the scientific basis for the creation of curricula, programs, textbooks, and special methodologies. Conducting training classes with children using the developed methods. Expanding the educational opportunities of people with visual impairments. Creating special technical tools that allow them to increase the effectiveness of their education and preparation for work in society. Thechild develops intandem withthe social and external environment. The Braille system is based on the Braille dot-based script, the founder of which was Louis Braille (1809-1852). The Braille dot-based script, along with its economy, simplicity and convenience, is very suitable for the visually impaired. The uniqueness of the Braille alphabet is that it is perfectly adapted for writing. The maximum number of dots is 6, 3 in length and 2 in width, forming a rectangle. 63 characters are obtained from various combinations of 6 dots. Eye defects and acquired defects. Depending on the cause of their occurrence, related defects in vision are divided into congenital and acquired. Among the causes of congenital defects are hereditary defects, such as congenital cataracts, pregnancy, toxoplasmosis, rubella, damage to the fetal visual organs during embryonic development, brain tumors, and diseases with these defects cause congenital defects of the eye. This defect is transmitted to the fetus. If it is exposed at 2-4 weeks, its eyeball will not develop and will collapse. If it is exposed at 16-20 weeks, the cornea will be damaged, the pupil