SPECIFIC FEATURES OF IRONY

Аннотация

This article tells about the history of the emergence of irony, one of the means of expressing humor in the Uzbek language, as a means of expressing thought and its use as a means of evaluation in fiction. In the language of a work of art, in the construction of sentences, the meaning of linguistic units is reflected in the perception of expressive means, in specific forms of communication between characters, as well as in the functions of linguistic units in social activity. . Means of humorous expressiveness in our language are revealed under a number ofnames, such as irony, wordplay, sarcasm, contamination, humor, satire, askiya. Key words: humor, irony, sarcasm, satire, wordplay, contamination, fiction, literary work, evaluation toolparonomasia. In Uzbek linguistics, the means of creating and expressing satire have been studied to a certain extent [1;147]. One of the means of expressing satire in the Uzbek language is irony. As noted in dictionaries, irony has two meanings: “1. A word or phrase used in a figurative sense other than its original meaning for the purpose of mockery or laughter; a mocking, sarcastic, sarcastic, sarcastic expression. 2. Stylistic means: one of the methods of denial in a work of art, consisting ofahiddenlaugh at aperson orthingthrough amocking, sarcasticmeans”[2]. The history of the emergence of irony as a means of expressing thought dates back to ancient times. Irony (from the ancient Greek εἰρωνεία “falsehood”) is a satirical method in which the original meaning is hidden or contradicts (contrasted) with the explicit meaning; trope type: when words are used in a speech context in a way that is opposite to their true meaning, it expresses irony, a cunning metaphor, or mockery [3]. The word “irony” is translated from ancient Greek as “to show oneself differently.” According to researchers, the founder of this rhetorical method was the philosopher Socrates. His style of conducting scientific discussions can be expressed with the phrase “to put oneself in a flower.” This is what the oldest form of irony, namely, to show oneself differently, consisted of [4]. Existing dictionaries note the existence of such types of ironic expression as direct irony, self-mockery - irony directed at the individual, Socratic irony - a method of exposing the interlocutor’s ignorance, widely used in maeutics, and post-irony - a humorous method in which sincerity is difficult to distinguish from irony [5]. It should be noted that changes in the structure of the language, its linguistic construction, various semantic shifts in the composition of vocabulary and phraseology, the use of irony in expressing the attitude towards the person to whom the speech is addressed are embodied in the speech of characters in literary texts. Of course, the skill of the characters in using language units expressing satire and irony plays an important role in the depiction of their spiritual world and psyche. The units expressing the ironic content used in the speech of the characters reflect their attitudeto the era in which they lived, the social system, and the specific features of the language in use. They are expressed inthe language of the work of art, in the spiritual changes of language https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue5,2025 15 unitsin the construction of sentences, intheperception ofexpressive andfigurative means, in the specific forms of communication between characters, as well as in the functions of language units in social activity. It is known that the existence of methods in our language, which are known under anumber of names such as irony, word play, sarcasm, contamination, humor, satire, and asceticism, indicates the breadth of possibilities for artistic expression of thoughts in literary texts. One of the means of creating humor in the Uzbek language is contamination. “The lexical meaning of the word contamination is mixing, merging (skrishavaniya), and linguistically it is directly related to thecreation ofa newword and a newmeaning. It is known that in language, new words and new meanings are also formed by the method of composition. However, the specific feature of contamination is that, firstly, in contamination, the sound complex of the word does not change, that is, the external form and similarity of the word remain the same. Secondly, in contamination, a merger occurs, as a result of which the semantic structure of the word changes, a lexical coloring is formed. Therefore, in linguistics, the contamination phenomenon is called lexical contamination (lexicheskaya kontaminatsiya). Thirdly, although it is the same, the pronunciation of the word is twofold. Fourthly, in contamination, the form of the word resembles a syntactic phenomenon such as synthetic or analytical [6;54]. When using this method in fiction, attention is paid to a separate word in the text and an irony is created based on its meaning. For example, in Tahir Malik's work "The Golden Rat" there is such apassage: The