REFORMS IMPLEMENTED IN THE CREATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW NORMS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Аннотация

The article provides an understanding of international law, international legal norms, and highlights the participation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the creation of international legal norms, the speeches of its first President Islam Karimov on international law, the proposals and plans made in the speeches of our Honorable President Shavkat Mirziyoyev in Geneva, and the views and comments of the Chairman of the Oliy Majlis on Human Rights, Akmal Saidov. Keywords: international law, norm, convention, international organizations, imperative, region, universal Sources of international law It is customary to consider as a form of expression of an international legal norm. International legal norms are understood in two senses: material (material conditions of social life) and formal (form of expression of a legal norm). They are a form of manifestation of the result of coordination of the will, desires and wishes of a state recognized by states, as well as a form of recording an international legal norm. In international law, all sources are divided into two main groups: primary and auxiliary. There is no clearly established list of sources of international law. The main sources of international law are international treaties and customs. Some scholars include the UN Charter in the list of sources of international law. The Statute of the International Court of Justice includes Article 38, which states: “The Court, which is obliged to decide the dispute before it in accordance with the rules of international law , shall have regard to: a) international conventions, Выпуск журнала №-23 Часть–2_ Март –2025 24 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT general and special, which establish rules and are recognized in a particular way by the States in dispute; b) customary international norms recognized as legal norms as evidence of general experience; d) the generality of law recognized by civilized nations principles; e) as an auxiliary tool for determining legal norms, judicial decisions and public legal teachings of qualified specialists of various nations (doctrine) and the commentary mentioned in Article 59. The role of resolutions of international organizations in interpreting existing norms is incomparable. General international conventions By "international treaties" is meant treaties to which all states are or are parties and which reflect norms that are of universal binding importance for the entire international community, that is, norms of general international law. Special treaties are understood to be treaties to which a certain limited number of participating states are party. International customs It constitutes the norms of international law, and it is such a rule of conduct that it appears as a product of the same type of behavior of subjects of international law, which is always repeated, and is recognized as a legal norm. Repeated similar behavior of the same type indicates their improvement. But international law does not specify at what period it is necessary to form customary norms. Through modern means of communication and transportation, states can immediately become aware of each other's actions. Of course, they will react to them by taking one form or another of action. This has led to the fact that the time factor is no longer as important in the process of the formation of customs as it was before. Decisions of international organizations, which are the agreed expression of states, can be the basis for the formation of customs. The process of the formation of customs does not end with the emergence of rules of conduct. Only when states recognize them as legal norms, certain actions of states become customs. Customary norms have the same legal force as treaties. Evaluating rules of conduct as customs is a complex issue. Unlike treaties, customs are not formalized in a single written act. Therefore, the existence of customs is determined by auxiliary means, namely court decisions, doctrines, decisions of Выпуск журнала №-23 Часть–2_ Март –2025 25 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT international organizations, unilateral acts and actions of states. Court decisions, which are considered auxiliary means, are based on The International Court of Justice of the United Nations, other international arbitration and judicial bodies include decisions. When referring disputes to the International Court of Justice of the United Nations and other international judicial bodies, states often ask to determine the existence of customary norms that are binding on the parties to the dispute. In its practice, the International Court of Justice of the United Nations has not limited itself to confirming the existence of customs, but has given them a certain degree of clarity (definition). An example is the decision of the UN International Court of Justice in the 1951 Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Dispute, which stated that coastal states may use a straight line as the ultimate limit of their territorial waters when determi