PROBLEMS IN TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH TO UZBEK LANGUAGE

Аннотация

Matnlarni ingliz tilidan o‘zbek tiliga tarjima qilish, ayniqsa, ikki til o‘rtasidagi tuzilish, sintaksis, lug‘at va madaniy kontekstdagi farqlar tufayli o‘ziga xos qiyinchiliklarni keltirib chiqaradi. Ingliz tili dunyo miqyosda keng tarqalgan va keng leksik rang-baranglikka ega boʻlsa, oʻzbek tili asosan Oʻrta Osiyoda qoʻllaniladi va turkiy, arab, fors va ruscha elementlar taʼsirida oʻziga xos lisoniy ildizlarga ega. Ushbu maqola tarjimonlarning ingliz tilidan o'zbek tiliga tarjima jarayonida duch keladigan asosiy muammolarni o'rganadi. Unda tarjimani murakkablashtiradigan lug‘aviy bo‘shliqlar, sintaktik farqlar, madaniy nuanslar, idiomatik iboralar kabi masalalar aniqlanadi. Bundan tashqari, maqola ushbu muammolarni hal qilish uchun tarjimonlar tomonidan qo'llaniladigan strategiyalarni ko'rib chiqadi va ikkala tilning nuanslari tarjima jarayonini qanday shakllantirishi haqida tushuncha beradi. Выпуск журнала №-24 Часть–1_ Апрель –2025 226 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Keywords: Translation, English to Uzbek, lexical gaps, syntactic differences, idiomatic expressions, cultural nuances, translation strategies Kalit so’zlar: tarjima, ingliz tilidan o‘zbek tiliga, leksik bo‘shliqlar, sintaktik farqlar, idiomatik iboralar, madaniy nuanslar, tarjima strategiyalari Translation is a process that bridges the gap between languages and cultures. However, translating from one language to another is never a straightforward task, particularly when the source and target languages belong to different linguistic families. English and Uzbek, two languages with distinct structures and vocabularies, present specific challenges for translators. English is a Germanic language with extensive borrowing from Latin, French, and Greek, while Uzbek belongs to the Turkic language family and has absorbed significant influences from Persian, Arabic, and Russian [1]. In this article, we will explore the most common translation problems that arise when translating from English to Uzbek. We will examine lexical issues, syntactical challenges, cultural contexts, and idiomatic expressions that complicate the translation process. By focusing on the unique linguistic features of both languages, we aim to shed light on the complexities of translating between English and Uzbek. One of the primary challenges in translation from English to Uzbek is the difference in vocabulary. Lexical gaps, or the absence of equivalent words in the target language, are frequent obstacles that translators must navigate. These gaps arise from the cultural and historical differences between the English-speaking and Uzbek- speaking communities [3]. English is a language with a vast lexicon, especially in areas like technology, science, and global commerce. It has borrowed extensively from other languages, which contributes to its richness. However, not all English terms have direct counterparts in Uzbek. For example, words like "smartphone," "internet," or "social media" are relatively new concepts, and traditional Uzbek vocabulary lacks precise equivalents. In such cases, translators either resort to borrowing the terms directly or use descriptive phrases that explain the concept [2]. For instance, the term "smartphone" might be translated as "aqlli telefon" (literally "smart phone") in Uzbek, a descriptive translation. Another issue is the differences in specific terminology used Выпуск журнала №-24 Часть–1_ Апрель –2025 227 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT in each language. For example, English terms related to governance, legal systems, and education may not directly correspond to the terms used in Uzbek, which has its own history and administrative structure. For instance, the word "university" in English refers to a higher education institution, but in Uzbekistan, the term "oliya o'quv yurtlari" (higher education institution) is more commonly used. Similarly, the English word "law" might need a more context-specific translation depending on whether it refers to civil law, criminal law, or another legal field [1]. Apart from vocabulary, syntactic differences between English and Uzbek can pose significant challenges in translation. The two languages differ greatly in terms of word order, sentence structure, and the use of grammatical markers. English typically follows a subject-verb-object (SVO) word order, whereas Uzbek follows a subject-object-verb (SOV) structure. This fundamental difference means that translators must adjust the placement of words when translating from English to Uzbek. For example, the English sentence "He is reading a book" would be translated into Uzbek as "U kitob o'qiyapti," where the verb "o'qiyapti" (is reading) comes at the end of the sentence. This requires careful attention to maintain the meaning while adjusting the word order to fit the target language’s syntactical structure [2]. English employs definite and indefinite articles ("the" and "a/an") to specify nouns, whereas Uzbek does not use articles in the same way. In English